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<p>Microgrid has gained significant attention for integrating renewable energy sources (RES) and enhancing energy efficiency. However, ensuring the reliable and stable operation of microgrid is challenging due to the difficulties in maintaining power quality, stability, and effective power sharing with the integration of RES. To address these challenges, an enhanced pelican optimization (EPO)-based cascaded three-degree-of-freedom tilt fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative with fractional-order PI (3DOF-TFOPID-FOPI) controller is proposed. This strategy combines droop control, virtual impedance control, and the cascaded 3DOF-TFOPID-FOPI controller to achieve power sharing, voltage regulation, and improved system stability. In addition, the proposed method is designed to respect the practical constraints of PV systems such as available power limits, inverter ratings, and ramp rates, ensuring compatibility with virtual synchronous machine (VSM) principles for real-world deployment. The inclusion of tilt control enables the FOPID controller to effectively dampen oscillations, ensuring faster and smoother stabilization. Cascading the FOPI stage with the 3DOF-FOPID controller improves tracking accuracy, increases control precision, and adds an extra degree of freedom for fine-tuning system dynamics. Simulation and experimental results show that this proposed technique improves voltage stability within ± 2% fluctuations, reduces current oscillations by approximately ∼ 40%, and increases power sharing accuracy by ∼ 30%, compared to existing methods.</p>

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A multi-level control scheme with droop control for improving the power sharing capability in islanded microgrid

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月9日

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  • G. Sathish Goud,
  • R. Senthil Kumar

摘要

Microgrid has gained significant attention for integrating renewable energy sources (RES) and enhancing energy efficiency. However, ensuring the reliable and stable operation of microgrid is challenging due to the difficulties in maintaining power quality, stability, and effective power sharing with the integration of RES. To address these challenges, an enhanced pelican optimization (EPO)-based cascaded three-degree-of-freedom tilt fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative with fractional-order PI (3DOF-TFOPID-FOPI) controller is proposed. This strategy combines droop control, virtual impedance control, and the cascaded 3DOF-TFOPID-FOPI controller to achieve power sharing, voltage regulation, and improved system stability. In addition, the proposed method is designed to respect the practical constraints of PV systems such as available power limits, inverter ratings, and ramp rates, ensuring compatibility with virtual synchronous machine (VSM) principles for real-world deployment. The inclusion of tilt control enables the FOPID controller to effectively dampen oscillations, ensuring faster and smoother stabilization. Cascading the FOPI stage with the 3DOF-FOPID controller improves tracking accuracy, increases control precision, and adds an extra degree of freedom for fine-tuning system dynamics. Simulation and experimental results show that this proposed technique improves voltage stability within ± 2% fluctuations, reduces current oscillations by approximately ∼ 40%, and increases power sharing accuracy by ∼ 30%, compared to existing methods.