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<p>To enhance the flexibility of integrated energy systems (IES) and renewable energy consumption, a two-stage robust low-carbon optimization strategy is proposed for IES, incorporating refined hydrogen/ammonia utilization and green hydrogen certificate trading. The study first establishes refined utilization models to leverage the clean characteristics of hydrogen and ammonia energy: hydrogen energy models cover production, utilization, and natural gas pipeline blending, while ammonia energy models include nitrogen production, synthesis, and thermal plant co-firing. Second, based on renewable energy quotas, green hydrogen certificates and associated trading mechanisms are introduced to enable bidirectional conversion between green electricity and green hydrogen. Finally, considering renewable energy uncertainty, a min–max–min two-stage robust low-carbon scheduling model is developed for IES and solved using the C&amp;CG algorithm with the CPLEX solver. The results demonstrate that implementing the refined hydrogen production utilization model reduces total system cost and carbon emissions by 8.07% and 12.16%, respectively. Subsequent introduction of the ammonia production model further decreases these metrics by approximately 3.87% and 9.44%. Additionally, the green hydrogen certificate trading mechanism generates revenue of 133,500 RMB, substantially enhancing renewable energy utilization while achieving low-carbon, economical, and flexible IES operation.</p>

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Two stage robust optimization of integrated energy system considering hydrogen ammonia utilization and green hydrogen certification

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月19日

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  • DengLu LYU,
  • Chen Jie,
  • Baoxia Ma

摘要

To enhance the flexibility of integrated energy systems (IES) and renewable energy consumption, a two-stage robust low-carbon optimization strategy is proposed for IES, incorporating refined hydrogen/ammonia utilization and green hydrogen certificate trading. The study first establishes refined utilization models to leverage the clean characteristics of hydrogen and ammonia energy: hydrogen energy models cover production, utilization, and natural gas pipeline blending, while ammonia energy models include nitrogen production, synthesis, and thermal plant co-firing. Second, based on renewable energy quotas, green hydrogen certificates and associated trading mechanisms are introduced to enable bidirectional conversion between green electricity and green hydrogen. Finally, considering renewable energy uncertainty, a min–max–min two-stage robust low-carbon scheduling model is developed for IES and solved using the C&CG algorithm with the CPLEX solver. The results demonstrate that implementing the refined hydrogen production utilization model reduces total system cost and carbon emissions by 8.07% and 12.16%, respectively. Subsequent introduction of the ammonia production model further decreases these metrics by approximately 3.87% and 9.44%. Additionally, the green hydrogen certificate trading mechanism generates revenue of 133,500 RMB, substantially enhancing renewable energy utilization while achieving low-carbon, economical, and flexible IES operation.