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<p>Unpredictable and irregular shading on solar photovoltaic (PV) panels are very common in reality that significantly degrades system performance by causing higher power loss, reduced energy yield, creating hotspots, and multiple local maxima in power–voltage (P–V), and current–voltage (I–V) characteristics. This paper proposes a novel triangular PV array configuration (T-PVAC) as a shading-resilient and highly efficient alternative to conventional PV array topologies. MATLAB-based simulation studies on various PV configurations are experimentally validated across six pragmatic shading scenarios: short-narrow, long-wide, diagonal, non-uniform row, non-uniform column, and random shading. Data collected over one week using 4 × 4 PV arrays at an average solar irradiation of 950 W/m<sup>2</sup> and ambient temperature of 23&#xa0;°C are analyzed through data envelopment analysis (DEA) to compare the relative efficiencies and cross-efficiency score of the six different PV panel configurations—series (S), SP, TCT, HC, 3CT, and T-PVAC configurations. The comparative assessments reveals that the proposed T-PVAC panels provide 24.6%, 33.9%, 1.24%, 15.95%, 5.23%, and 24.4% more maximum power yield over the best performer TCT configuration under short-narrow, long-wide, diagonal, non-uniform row, non-uniform column, and random shading scenarios, respectively. Nevertheless, the T-PVAC provides a unique global P–V maximum characteristic under all the shading conditions, enabling greater energy yields in contrast to the traditional ones that experience several local maxima and relatively high-power losses. It ensures T-PVAC is an industrially viable, high-performance PV topology for shading-prone solar installations<b>.</b></p>

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A novel triangular PV array configuration: simulation and experimental validation for enhanced shading resilience and efficiency assessment using data envelopment analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月20日

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  • Nikhil Kushwaha,
  • Vinod Kumar Yadav,
  • Radheshyam Saha

摘要

Unpredictable and irregular shading on solar photovoltaic (PV) panels are very common in reality that significantly degrades system performance by causing higher power loss, reduced energy yield, creating hotspots, and multiple local maxima in power–voltage (P–V), and current–voltage (I–V) characteristics. This paper proposes a novel triangular PV array configuration (T-PVAC) as a shading-resilient and highly efficient alternative to conventional PV array topologies. MATLAB-based simulation studies on various PV configurations are experimentally validated across six pragmatic shading scenarios: short-narrow, long-wide, diagonal, non-uniform row, non-uniform column, and random shading. Data collected over one week using 4 × 4 PV arrays at an average solar irradiation of 950 W/m2 and ambient temperature of 23 °C are analyzed through data envelopment analysis (DEA) to compare the relative efficiencies and cross-efficiency score of the six different PV panel configurations—series (S), SP, TCT, HC, 3CT, and T-PVAC configurations. The comparative assessments reveals that the proposed T-PVAC panels provide 24.6%, 33.9%, 1.24%, 15.95%, 5.23%, and 24.4% more maximum power yield over the best performer TCT configuration under short-narrow, long-wide, diagonal, non-uniform row, non-uniform column, and random shading scenarios, respectively. Nevertheless, the T-PVAC provides a unique global P–V maximum characteristic under all the shading conditions, enabling greater energy yields in contrast to the traditional ones that experience several local maxima and relatively high-power losses. It ensures T-PVAC is an industrially viable, high-performance PV topology for shading-prone solar installations.