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<p>This paper presents a robust approach for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and voltage regulation control in a photovoltaic–electrolyzer (PV–EL) stack system under defined operational conditions. The system under investigation consists of a PV module that supplies power to a PEM electrolyzer through two-stage DC–DC converters (boost and buck). The BISMC controller, introduced as a robust solution, combines the features of both standard sliding mode control (SMC) and backstepping methods. Furthermore, integral action is added to the tracking error term to improve the performance of the BSMC controller. The stability of the controlled PV–EL stacks system is verified using the Lyapunov function. Several simulations of the proposed BISMC controller are conducted and compared with the conventional SMC controller under various operational conditions and real meteorological data from Errachidia city in southeastern Morocco. The simulation results clearly demonstrate that the proposed approach for both MPPT and voltage regulation provides enhanced robustness against parameter uncertainties, faster transition responses, and superior tracking performance compared to traditional sliding mode control. In scenarios where operational conditions of the PEM electrolyzer change, the system achieves rapid response, settling in just 0.05&#xa0;s for MPPT and 0.17&#xa0;s for voltage regulation without overshoot.</p>

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Enhanced MPPT and voltage regulation in PV–electrolyzer systems using backstepping integral sliding mode control

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月11日

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  • I. Bekki,
  • H. Rizki,
  • F. Lamzouri,
  • A. El Amrani,
  • E.-M. Boufounas

摘要

This paper presents a robust approach for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and voltage regulation control in a photovoltaic–electrolyzer (PV–EL) stack system under defined operational conditions. The system under investigation consists of a PV module that supplies power to a PEM electrolyzer through two-stage DC–DC converters (boost and buck). The BISMC controller, introduced as a robust solution, combines the features of both standard sliding mode control (SMC) and backstepping methods. Furthermore, integral action is added to the tracking error term to improve the performance of the BSMC controller. The stability of the controlled PV–EL stacks system is verified using the Lyapunov function. Several simulations of the proposed BISMC controller are conducted and compared with the conventional SMC controller under various operational conditions and real meteorological data from Errachidia city in southeastern Morocco. The simulation results clearly demonstrate that the proposed approach for both MPPT and voltage regulation provides enhanced robustness against parameter uncertainties, faster transition responses, and superior tracking performance compared to traditional sliding mode control. In scenarios where operational conditions of the PEM electrolyzer change, the system achieves rapid response, settling in just 0.05 s for MPPT and 0.17 s for voltage regulation without overshoot.