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<p>Partial shading of PV modules often results in a negative impact, generating less electricity and causing unanticipated power losses. In addressing these issues, static techniques are frequently considered due to their affordable, low-complexity solution for optimal reduction of loss. The initial method of reconfiguration involves sensors to monitor system conditions and switches to modify the module connections dynamically, but this approach introduces delay during the process. Consequently, this research proposes an augmented Sudoku, a static reconfiguration strategy that aims to sequentially reconnect PV array components, particularly utilizing a 9<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="202_2025_3161_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="13" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\times \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>×</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>9 total-cross-tied (TCT) configuration during installation. A rigorous evaluation of the proposed approach is performed across four different shading patterns, with randomly selected shaded portions of the PV array. A comparative analysis is conducted between the proposed method, basic TCT, and classical Sudoku puzzles, considering PV characteristics and percentage power loss in IV characteristics. Simulation results demonstrate the augmented approach’s efficacy in enhancing the PV array’s harvested power by distributing shade across entire rows as extensively as possible. Additionally, the power loss is minimized, and the fill factor is improved in the proposed reconfiguration.</p>

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Augmented Sudoku array-based reconfiguration technique to mitigate partial shading effects in photovoltaic systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月6日

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  • Barath Kanna C,
  • Pravin Murugesan,
  • Sowthily C,
  • Senthilkumar Subramaniam,
  • Saravana Ilango G

摘要

Partial shading of PV modules often results in a negative impact, generating less electricity and causing unanticipated power losses. In addressing these issues, static techniques are frequently considered due to their affordable, low-complexity solution for optimal reduction of loss. The initial method of reconfiguration involves sensors to monitor system conditions and switches to modify the module connections dynamically, but this approach introduces delay during the process. Consequently, this research proposes an augmented Sudoku, a static reconfiguration strategy that aims to sequentially reconnect PV array components, particularly utilizing a 9 \(\times \) × 9 total-cross-tied (TCT) configuration during installation. A rigorous evaluation of the proposed approach is performed across four different shading patterns, with randomly selected shaded portions of the PV array. A comparative analysis is conducted between the proposed method, basic TCT, and classical Sudoku puzzles, considering PV characteristics and percentage power loss in IV characteristics. Simulation results demonstrate the augmented approach’s efficacy in enhancing the PV array’s harvested power by distributing shade across entire rows as extensively as possible. Additionally, the power loss is minimized, and the fill factor is improved in the proposed reconfiguration.