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<p>Unintended tripping of relays due to load encroachment or overloading is marked as one of the root causes behind blackouts. To ensure secure operation, it is essential to reschedule load and/or generation to alleviate stressed conditions. While load encroachment typically unfolds gradually, allowing time for corrective measures, sudden changes in network topology pose challenges for rapid adjustments in generation settings due to power plant ramping rate constraints. This paper finds a minimal, cost-effective change in generation settings from the base-case set values in such a manner that, after the occurrence of contingencies, with a limited post-contingency rescheduling of generations, unintended trippings of relays due to load encroachment or overloading can be prevented. The proposed security-constrained generation rescheduling scheme is incorporated using the Benders decomposition technique. It explicitly models the frequency and voltage dependencies of load and generation and guarantees that generation rescheduling does not induce steady-state frequency errors. Two case studies on the IEEE 39 Bus New England system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in preventing relay trippings while maintaining system stability. Three case studies conducted on a modified IEEE 14-bus system and the IEEE 39-bus New England system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in preventing relay tripping while maintaining system stability. For the 14-bus system, the impedance seen by the vulnerable distance relays increases by at least 2.112 times at the expense of a 6.55% increase in fuel cost. Similarly, for the IEEE 39-bus system, the impedance seen by the distance relays increases by at least 2.113 times through generation rescheduling, with only a 0.58% increase in fuel cost.</p>

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Transient stability-constrained optimal rescheduling of generation for post-contingency secure operation of power systems during load encroachment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月18日

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  • Ananyo Sengupta,
  • Sourav Das

摘要

Unintended tripping of relays due to load encroachment or overloading is marked as one of the root causes behind blackouts. To ensure secure operation, it is essential to reschedule load and/or generation to alleviate stressed conditions. While load encroachment typically unfolds gradually, allowing time for corrective measures, sudden changes in network topology pose challenges for rapid adjustments in generation settings due to power plant ramping rate constraints. This paper finds a minimal, cost-effective change in generation settings from the base-case set values in such a manner that, after the occurrence of contingencies, with a limited post-contingency rescheduling of generations, unintended trippings of relays due to load encroachment or overloading can be prevented. The proposed security-constrained generation rescheduling scheme is incorporated using the Benders decomposition technique. It explicitly models the frequency and voltage dependencies of load and generation and guarantees that generation rescheduling does not induce steady-state frequency errors. Two case studies on the IEEE 39 Bus New England system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in preventing relay trippings while maintaining system stability. Three case studies conducted on a modified IEEE 14-bus system and the IEEE 39-bus New England system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in preventing relay tripping while maintaining system stability. For the 14-bus system, the impedance seen by the vulnerable distance relays increases by at least 2.112 times at the expense of a 6.55% increase in fuel cost. Similarly, for the IEEE 39-bus system, the impedance seen by the distance relays increases by at least 2.113 times through generation rescheduling, with only a 0.58% increase in fuel cost.