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<p>This article presents a sensorless nonlinear control approach for a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) in a back-to-back topology wind energy conversion system connected to the grid via an L-filter. The wind turbine control aims to achieve three key objectives: (i) maximizing power extraction, (ii) regulating the DC bus voltage, and (iii) ensuring a unity power factor to minimize reactive losses and improve the quality of energy injected into the grid. Two nonlinear control techniques are proposed: integral sliding mode control (ISMC) and backstepping control. The novelty of this work lies in the design of a High-Gain Observer, based on the machine model in the dq reference frame. This design enables the online estimation of mechanical torque and speed of the PMSG from measurable electrical quantities, eliminating the need for additional sensors. A comparative analysis of nonlinear techniques and the proportional-integral (PI) controller evaluates their respective performances. The system was simulated in MATLAB/Simulink under various scenarios, demonstrating the superiority of ISMC, particularly in handling sudden wind speed variations and parameter uncertainties in the conversion chain. Furthermore, the proposed observer underwent rigorous testing under different conditions, including stochastic wind speed variations and sudden changes. Results highlight its good performance in convergence speed and estimation accuracy. Finally, simulations under varying generator parameters exhibited satisfactory results.</p>

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Sensorless nonlinear control of permanent magnet synchronous generator based wind energy conversion systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月22日

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  • Abdelmoghit Fathelkhair,
  • Hassan Abouobaida,
  • Youssef Mchaouar,
  • Younes Abouelmahjoub,
  • Khadija Oualifi,
  • Josep M. Guerrero

摘要

This article presents a sensorless nonlinear control approach for a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) in a back-to-back topology wind energy conversion system connected to the grid via an L-filter. The wind turbine control aims to achieve three key objectives: (i) maximizing power extraction, (ii) regulating the DC bus voltage, and (iii) ensuring a unity power factor to minimize reactive losses and improve the quality of energy injected into the grid. Two nonlinear control techniques are proposed: integral sliding mode control (ISMC) and backstepping control. The novelty of this work lies in the design of a High-Gain Observer, based on the machine model in the dq reference frame. This design enables the online estimation of mechanical torque and speed of the PMSG from measurable electrical quantities, eliminating the need for additional sensors. A comparative analysis of nonlinear techniques and the proportional-integral (PI) controller evaluates their respective performances. The system was simulated in MATLAB/Simulink under various scenarios, demonstrating the superiority of ISMC, particularly in handling sudden wind speed variations and parameter uncertainties in the conversion chain. Furthermore, the proposed observer underwent rigorous testing under different conditions, including stochastic wind speed variations and sudden changes. Results highlight its good performance in convergence speed and estimation accuracy. Finally, simulations under varying generator parameters exhibited satisfactory results.