<p>The unpredictable behavior of load and output power variability of distributed generating units (DGUs) are common causes of frequency instability in islanded microgrid (IMG). To counter this issue, a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller is designed in presented work. Firstly, the IMG is modeled by incorporating various DGUs and energy storage device (ESD) units. Further, the overall transfer function of the modeled IMG is determined by considering first-order model of interconnected DGUs and ESD units. The obtained transfer function is then converted into first-order plus time delay form to design PID control strategy for proposing an easier control design to maintain frequency stability of IMG. To calculate the tuning parameters of PID controller, Chien-Hrones-Reswick (CHR) method with set point (SP) tracking and load disturbance rejection (LDR) of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="202_2025_2959_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="23" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$0\%$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>%</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="202_2025_2959_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="31" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$20\%$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>20</mn> <mo>%</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> overshoot are utilized. The CHR method with SP tracking of <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="202_2025_2959_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="23" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$0\%$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>%</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> overshoot emerges as the preferred choice over other discussed tuning criteria. The efficacy of the discussed CHR tuning method for PID control design is analyzed through its impact on transient response and frequency deviation. Moreover, tabulated data with specifications of time domain, and error indices, accompanying comparative frequency deviation plots support the validity of the claimed tuning method of PID control design for IMG.</p>

Chien-Hrones-Reswick method-based PID control strategy for mitigation of frequency deviation of islanded microgrid

期刊论文
发表日期：

2025年1月26日

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T. K. Bashishtha,
V. P. Singh

摘要

The unpredictable behavior of load and output power variability of distributed generating units (DGUs) are common causes of frequency instability in islanded microgrid (IMG). To counter this issue, a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller is designed in presented work. Firstly, the IMG is modeled by incorporating various DGUs and energy storage device (ESD) units. Further, the overall transfer function of the modeled IMG is determined by considering first-order model of interconnected DGUs and ESD units. The obtained transfer function is then converted into first-order plus time delay form to design PID control strategy for proposing an easier control design to maintain frequency stability of IMG. To calculate the tuning parameters of PID controller, Chien-Hrones-Reswick (CHR) method with set point (SP) tracking and load disturbance rejection (LDR) of $0\%$ $0 %$ and $20\%$ $20 %$ overshoot are utilized. The CHR method with SP tracking of $0\%$ $0 %$ overshoot emerges as the preferred choice over other discussed tuning criteria. The efficacy of the discussed CHR tuning method for PID control design is analyzed through its impact on transient response and frequency deviation. Moreover, tabulated data with specifications of time domain, and error indices, accompanying comparative frequency deviation plots support the validity of the claimed tuning method of PID control design for IMG.