Optimal allocation of multi-dimensional prizes in contests with heterogeneous agents
摘要
Many real life competitions feature multi-dimensional prizes. We develop a model where two players with asymmetric preferences engage in a contest game. The key novelty is the introduction of multi-dimensional rewards. We characterize the optimal prize allocation that maximizes aggregate effort. When heterogeneity in preferences is strong and the designer cannot assign identity-dependent prizes, the loser must get a positive reward, which is in stark contrast to the existing literature. Such allocation eliminates the advantage of the stronger competitor and incentivizes the opponent to exert more effort (the equilibrium effect). Applying the model to the data from professional tennis competitions where prizes consist of money and the ATP ranking points, we provide empirical evidence that highlights the importance of multi-dimensional incentives in contests.