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<p>This paper examines the impact of city-specific household registration (<i>hukou</i>) policies on the migration decisions of new college graduates in China. Using data from the 2019 National University Graduates’ Employment Survey and <i>hukou</i> policies from prefecture-level cities, we analyze how <i>hukou</i> constraints shape post-graduation location choices. Our findings reveal that: (1) Stricter <i>hukou</i> policies are generally associated with a lower likelihood of graduates staying in the city where they completed their education; (2) this effect tends to be more pronounced in high-amenity cities, where constrained access to urban entitlements reduces their attractiveness; (3) the impact varies across demographic groups: Male graduates, those from middle-income families, and individuals with rural <i>hukou</i> are more responsive to <i>hukou</i> restrictions; (4) the effect is strongest and statistically significant among vocational and junior college graduates. These findings highlight how institutional barriers influence labor mobility and human capital allocation.</p>

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The heterogeneous migration motivations of college graduates in China: the role of preferential household registration policies

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月29日

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  • Yuxue Sheng,
  • Qianqian Huang,
  • Yao-Yu Chih,
  • Cheng Jiang

摘要

This paper examines the impact of city-specific household registration (hukou) policies on the migration decisions of new college graduates in China. Using data from the 2019 National University Graduates’ Employment Survey and hukou policies from prefecture-level cities, we analyze how hukou constraints shape post-graduation location choices. Our findings reveal that: (1) Stricter hukou policies are generally associated with a lower likelihood of graduates staying in the city where they completed their education; (2) this effect tends to be more pronounced in high-amenity cities, where constrained access to urban entitlements reduces their attractiveness; (3) the impact varies across demographic groups: Male graduates, those from middle-income families, and individuals with rural hukou are more responsive to hukou restrictions; (4) the effect is strongest and statistically significant among vocational and junior college graduates. These findings highlight how institutional barriers influence labor mobility and human capital allocation.