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<p>This study investigates how community economic conditions shape the health impacts of in utero exposure to pollution in China. Using nationally representative survey data, we compare the health outcomes of children born before and after the establishment of a local polluting factory. We find that prenatal exposure significantly increases childhood illness. The effect is especially strong in economically disadvantaged communities and weakens as local economic conditions improve. Two mechanisms help explain this pattern: wealthier communities are better positioned to mitigate harm through greater parental investment and stricter environmental enforcement, while income gains following factory establishment help offset health costs in poorer communities. The mitigating role of economic conditions is especially pronounced among children under age 13 and boys.</p>

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Same pollution but different health impact: the role of economic condition

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月26日

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  • Xuemei Zhang,
  • Haitao Yin,
  • Feng Wang

摘要

This study investigates how community economic conditions shape the health impacts of in utero exposure to pollution in China. Using nationally representative survey data, we compare the health outcomes of children born before and after the establishment of a local polluting factory. We find that prenatal exposure significantly increases childhood illness. The effect is especially strong in economically disadvantaged communities and weakens as local economic conditions improve. Two mechanisms help explain this pattern: wealthier communities are better positioned to mitigate harm through greater parental investment and stricter environmental enforcement, while income gains following factory establishment help offset health costs in poorer communities. The mitigating role of economic conditions is especially pronounced among children under age 13 and boys.