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<p>The evolution of the equilibrium phase of four carbon steels (pearlitic, ferritic, martensitic, and austenitic) was calculated over a temperature range of 500 to 1600&#xa0;°C. The thermal conductivity of each steel was estimated as a function of temperature. During preheating of the workpiece between 750 and 800&#xa0;°C, the ferritic and martensitic steels transform into austenite, and their thermal conductivity converges to approximately 30&#xa0;W/(m·K), a value close to that of stable austenitic steel. Only the high-chromium steel AISI 420&#xa0;C retains a predominantly ferritic structure at 800&#xa0;°C and a high thermal conductivity of approximately 29&#xa0;W/(m·K). A statistical regression analysis, with coefficients of determination greater than 0.96 was used to develop a mathematical model relating thermal conductivity to temperature for each steel. Practical recommendations for machining with preheating are formulated for each grade of steel within the framework of the experimental approach.</p>

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Phase transformations in carbon steels and their influence on machining during heat treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月1日

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  • Zebaze Ndjapou Gislain Anicet,
  • Julius L. Tchigirinsky

摘要

The evolution of the equilibrium phase of four carbon steels (pearlitic, ferritic, martensitic, and austenitic) was calculated over a temperature range of 500 to 1600 °C. The thermal conductivity of each steel was estimated as a function of temperature. During preheating of the workpiece between 750 and 800 °C, the ferritic and martensitic steels transform into austenite, and their thermal conductivity converges to approximately 30 W/(m·K), a value close to that of stable austenitic steel. Only the high-chromium steel AISI 420 C retains a predominantly ferritic structure at 800 °C and a high thermal conductivity of approximately 29 W/(m·K). A statistical regression analysis, with coefficients of determination greater than 0.96 was used to develop a mathematical model relating thermal conductivity to temperature for each steel. Practical recommendations for machining with preheating are formulated for each grade of steel within the framework of the experimental approach.