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<p>Metal Injection Molding (MIM) of AISI 316&#xa0;L stainless steel is a well-established manufacturing route; however, the development of sustainable binder systems remains limited and largely exploratory. This limitation restricts the establishment of robust processing windows and hinders the industrial implementation of sustainable feedstocks. Current studies are often stage-specific, with limited integration between material formulation, rheological behavior, and processing performance. This work examines the relationships between powder characteristics, feedstock formulation, injection behavior, debinding strategies, and sintering conditions, emphasizing the interdependencies that govern flow stability and final part quality. Particular attention is given to sustainable binder systems, including bio-based and rubber-based formulations, and their role in controlling rheological properties, including viscosity, yield stress, and viscoelastic response, as well as their impact on flow stability and defect formation during injection molding. The analysis further addresses mass transport phenomena during solvent and thermal debinding, highlighting the coupling between diffusion kinetics, pore network evolution, and structural integrity. These effects are shown to directly influence densification behavior and microstructural development during sintering. The analysis presented in this review indicates that advancing sustainable binder systems requires a shift toward integrated, process-oriented approaches that explicitly link material design to flow stability, debinding efficiency, and densification behavior.</p>

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Sustainable binder systems in metal injection molding of 316 l stainless steel: A critical review and process-oriented perspective

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Vitor Hugo M. Silveira,
  • Camila Escobar,
  • Luis Alberto Santos,
  • Alberto Santos

摘要

Metal Injection Molding (MIM) of AISI 316 L stainless steel is a well-established manufacturing route; however, the development of sustainable binder systems remains limited and largely exploratory. This limitation restricts the establishment of robust processing windows and hinders the industrial implementation of sustainable feedstocks. Current studies are often stage-specific, with limited integration between material formulation, rheological behavior, and processing performance. This work examines the relationships between powder characteristics, feedstock formulation, injection behavior, debinding strategies, and sintering conditions, emphasizing the interdependencies that govern flow stability and final part quality. Particular attention is given to sustainable binder systems, including bio-based and rubber-based formulations, and their role in controlling rheological properties, including viscosity, yield stress, and viscoelastic response, as well as their impact on flow stability and defect formation during injection molding. The analysis further addresses mass transport phenomena during solvent and thermal debinding, highlighting the coupling between diffusion kinetics, pore network evolution, and structural integrity. These effects are shown to directly influence densification behavior and microstructural development during sintering. The analysis presented in this review indicates that advancing sustainable binder systems requires a shift toward integrated, process-oriented approaches that explicitly link material design to flow stability, debinding efficiency, and densification behavior.