<p>Titanium aluminide (TiAl) alloys are promising for high-temperature applications because of their high specific strength and excellent corrosion and oxidation resistance. However, their processing by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is often limited by severe cracking and low ductility. In this study, these challenges were addressed by developing a modulated β-solidifying TiAl alloy through blending 80 wt% TNM-B1 powder with 20 wt% Ti64 powder and exploiting rapid solidification to retain high-temperature ductile phases. This strategy enabled the fabrication of crack-free samples. Scanning electron microscopy revealed micro-functional grading, with tougher low-aluminum regions surrounding harder high-aluminum regions. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of a retained ductile β phase that accommodated residual stresses during processing and promoted crack-free fabrication. Upon heating to 600&#xa0;°C, this retained β phase reverted to α₂, enhancing high-temperature strength. The developed alloy exhibited an average microhardness of 585 HV. A macro-functionally graded structure with a direct transition from Ti64 to the modulated alloy was also successfully fabricated. X-ray diffraction and etched microstructural analysis revealed a gradual phase transition from prior β grains containing α<sup>/</sup> to retained columnar β grains containing α₂, which helps explain the successful deposition. A corresponding hardness gradient from 370 to 551 HV was measured across the graded material. The defect-free integration of Ti64 and the developed alloy within a single component demonstrates a promising route for manufacturing multi-material structures requiring both room-temperature toughness and high-temperature strength.</p>

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Crack-free laser powder bed fusion of a β-solidifying TiAl alloy through alloy modulation and functional grading with Ti64

  • Hatem A. Soliman,
  • Mohamed Elbestawi,
  • Toshihiro Okajima

摘要

Titanium aluminide (TiAl) alloys are promising for high-temperature applications because of their high specific strength and excellent corrosion and oxidation resistance. However, their processing by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is often limited by severe cracking and low ductility. In this study, these challenges were addressed by developing a modulated β-solidifying TiAl alloy through blending 80 wt% TNM-B1 powder with 20 wt% Ti64 powder and exploiting rapid solidification to retain high-temperature ductile phases. This strategy enabled the fabrication of crack-free samples. Scanning electron microscopy revealed micro-functional grading, with tougher low-aluminum regions surrounding harder high-aluminum regions. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of a retained ductile β phase that accommodated residual stresses during processing and promoted crack-free fabrication. Upon heating to 600 °C, this retained β phase reverted to α₂, enhancing high-temperature strength. The developed alloy exhibited an average microhardness of 585 HV. A macro-functionally graded structure with a direct transition from Ti64 to the modulated alloy was also successfully fabricated. X-ray diffraction and etched microstructural analysis revealed a gradual phase transition from prior β grains containing α/ to retained columnar β grains containing α₂, which helps explain the successful deposition. A corresponding hardness gradient from 370 to 551 HV was measured across the graded material. The defect-free integration of Ti64 and the developed alloy within a single component demonstrates a promising route for manufacturing multi-material structures requiring both room-temperature toughness and high-temperature strength.