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<p>Laser Cladding (LC) has emerged as a prominent technique for applying wear-resistant coatings and repairing metal components. However, LC is a complex process governed by several parameters. Among these, the type of laser wave emission—either continuous or pulsed—is critical in determining the thermal history, heat input variability, and, ultimately, the material properties. This study investigates the feasibility of the LC process for fabricating novel NiCrWMo-WC-Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> composite coatings in both continuous and pulsed modes. Results indicate that the heat condition significantly affected the coating’s microstructure, hardness, and wear response. A refined and complex microstructure was developed within the composite coating, characterized by primary carbide phases and secondary carbide structures with various morphologies. Pulsed-wave Ni-WC-Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> coatings contain a high volume fraction of carbide phases, consistently dispersed throughout the microstructure, resulting in superior properties. The hardness of the composite coatings reached 788 HV, surpassing that of Ni-based coatings by 40%. Applying a pulsed wave further increased the hardness of the composite coatings by 32% compared to the continuous wave mode. Incorporating WC and Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> particles significantly improved wear resistance at 25 and 750&#xa0;°C, yielding 92% and 84% enhancements, respectively, compared to Ni-based coatings. The superior properties of the LC-manufactured Ni-WC-Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> coatings fabricated using pulsed wave are attributed to the combined effects of microstructural refinement and the homogeneous distribution of hard carbide phases well-bonded within the matrix.</p>

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Insight into the microstructure, hardness, and tribology of laser cladding Ni-WC-Cr3C2 metal matrix composite coatings

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月16日

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  • Daniela Carrillo-Medina,
  • Christian Félix-Martínez,
  • Víctor Hugo Baltazar-Hernández,
  • Cecilio Jesús Martínez-González,
  • Haideé Ruiz-Luna

摘要

Laser Cladding (LC) has emerged as a prominent technique for applying wear-resistant coatings and repairing metal components. However, LC is a complex process governed by several parameters. Among these, the type of laser wave emission—either continuous or pulsed—is critical in determining the thermal history, heat input variability, and, ultimately, the material properties. This study investigates the feasibility of the LC process for fabricating novel NiCrWMo-WC-Cr3C2 composite coatings in both continuous and pulsed modes. Results indicate that the heat condition significantly affected the coating’s microstructure, hardness, and wear response. A refined and complex microstructure was developed within the composite coating, characterized by primary carbide phases and secondary carbide structures with various morphologies. Pulsed-wave Ni-WC-Cr3C2 coatings contain a high volume fraction of carbide phases, consistently dispersed throughout the microstructure, resulting in superior properties. The hardness of the composite coatings reached 788 HV, surpassing that of Ni-based coatings by 40%. Applying a pulsed wave further increased the hardness of the composite coatings by 32% compared to the continuous wave mode. Incorporating WC and Cr3C2 particles significantly improved wear resistance at 25 and 750 °C, yielding 92% and 84% enhancements, respectively, compared to Ni-based coatings. The superior properties of the LC-manufactured Ni-WC-Cr3C2 coatings fabricated using pulsed wave are attributed to the combined effects of microstructural refinement and the homogeneous distribution of hard carbide phases well-bonded within the matrix.