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<p>Improving a vehicle’s crash energy absorption performance can be achieved by producing steel sheet components with region-specific strength levels. This study applies a tailored tempering hot stamping approach, in which localized cooling rates during in-die quenching are controlled to generate graded mechanical properties within a single blank, eliminating the need for welding dissimilar materials. A multi-zone hot stamping die, featuring independent heating segments and integrated cooling/transition zones was designed and constructed to investigate temperature distribution, formability, and cooling-rate effects. Three experimental groups with different temperature configurations were tested. Hot stamping without die heating produced fully martensitic microstructures with a hardness of approximately 497HV1 which is increased tensile strength by 2.7 times relative to the original material. In the case of die heating temperatures of 450&#xa0;°C and 550&#xa0;°C resulted in bainitic–martensitic and ferritic–pearlitic microstructures with reduced hardness. The multi-zone heating strategy successfully generated tailored hardness distributions. Notably, the integrated die structure allowed for smooth microstructural transitions in the transition zone, while the segmented heating section provided precise localized strength control. Impact tests further confirmed that strength and fracture behavior were highly sensitive to thermal conditions. Results demonstrate that precise multi-zone temperature control enables tailored strength distributions in hot-stamped steel sheet and provides a foundation for further design optimization.</p>

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Design and development of a multi-zone hot stamping die for producing region-specific strength in steel sheets

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Li-Wei Chen,
  • Wen-Chin Tseng

摘要

Improving a vehicle’s crash energy absorption performance can be achieved by producing steel sheet components with region-specific strength levels. This study applies a tailored tempering hot stamping approach, in which localized cooling rates during in-die quenching are controlled to generate graded mechanical properties within a single blank, eliminating the need for welding dissimilar materials. A multi-zone hot stamping die, featuring independent heating segments and integrated cooling/transition zones was designed and constructed to investigate temperature distribution, formability, and cooling-rate effects. Three experimental groups with different temperature configurations were tested. Hot stamping without die heating produced fully martensitic microstructures with a hardness of approximately 497HV1 which is increased tensile strength by 2.7 times relative to the original material. In the case of die heating temperatures of 450 °C and 550 °C resulted in bainitic–martensitic and ferritic–pearlitic microstructures with reduced hardness. The multi-zone heating strategy successfully generated tailored hardness distributions. Notably, the integrated die structure allowed for smooth microstructural transitions in the transition zone, while the segmented heating section provided precise localized strength control. Impact tests further confirmed that strength and fracture behavior were highly sensitive to thermal conditions. Results demonstrate that precise multi-zone temperature control enables tailored strength distributions in hot-stamped steel sheet and provides a foundation for further design optimization.