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<p>Acoustic monitoring of machining processes boasts broad application prospects in the field of intelligent manufacturing. For safety and reliability considerations, acoustic signals are more appropriately collected outside machine tools. However, the complex distribution of the external sound field around machine tools renders it difficult to determine the effectiveness of acquiring machining acoustic signals externally. To address this issue, this paper conducts a systematic study on the characteristics of the external machining sound field of enclosed machine tools. First, based on the Helmholtz equation, the propagation behavior of machining sound inside and outside the machine tool is analyzed, and an equivalent thin-plate impedance model is established. Subsequently, a multi-microphone measurement system is developed for acoustic signal acquisition in actual machining environments, and the spatial distribution of the multi-frequency sound field is constructed. By analyzing the sound pressure level (SPL) distribution and its attenuation laws in both the time and frequency domains, the main characteristics of the external sound field are clarified. The results show that the average SPL difference between the internal and external sound fields of the enclosed machine tool exceeds 15 dB, and the relative attenuation ratios of sounds at different frequencies range from 20% to 32%, with an overall fluctuation range of approximately 12%. This attenuation does not cause significant spectral structure changes or the loss of characteristic frequencies.</p>

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Analysis of the machining-generated audible sound field outside the closed machine space based on and multiple microphone measurement test

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月13日

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  • Menxing He,
  • Guochao Li,
  • Mengyao Si,
  • Zeyu Wang,
  • Li Sun,
  • Yuhang Gong,
  • Yaqing Dong

摘要

Acoustic monitoring of machining processes boasts broad application prospects in the field of intelligent manufacturing. For safety and reliability considerations, acoustic signals are more appropriately collected outside machine tools. However, the complex distribution of the external sound field around machine tools renders it difficult to determine the effectiveness of acquiring machining acoustic signals externally. To address this issue, this paper conducts a systematic study on the characteristics of the external machining sound field of enclosed machine tools. First, based on the Helmholtz equation, the propagation behavior of machining sound inside and outside the machine tool is analyzed, and an equivalent thin-plate impedance model is established. Subsequently, a multi-microphone measurement system is developed for acoustic signal acquisition in actual machining environments, and the spatial distribution of the multi-frequency sound field is constructed. By analyzing the sound pressure level (SPL) distribution and its attenuation laws in both the time and frequency domains, the main characteristics of the external sound field are clarified. The results show that the average SPL difference between the internal and external sound fields of the enclosed machine tool exceeds 15 dB, and the relative attenuation ratios of sounds at different frequencies range from 20% to 32%, with an overall fluctuation range of approximately 12%. This attenuation does not cause significant spectral structure changes or the loss of characteristic frequencies.