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<p>This study presents the results of investigating the influence of electron beam welding parameters – beam power, beam offset relative to the joint, welding speed, and scanning frequency – on the formation of butt joints between commercially pure titanium grade VT1-0 and nickel grade NP2. It is shown that the weld metal structure consists of various types of intermetallic compounds, eutectics, and solid solutions based on nickel and titanium, with their ratio determined by the degree of melting of the welded materials. High‑quality welded joints, free of cracks and lack of fusion, were obtained at nickel melting degrees of approximately 10, 55, and 85–90%. The maximum strength properties were achieved at a welding speed of 2000&#xa0;mm/min. It is demonstrated that the presence in the weld metal of the low-melting intermetallic Ti<sub>2</sub>Ni and eutectic (Ti<sub>2</sub>Ni + β-Ti) increases the tendency to crack formation and leads to brittle fracture of the welded joint. Almost all specimens fractured during tensile testing in zones containing a high proportion of Ti<sub>2</sub>Ni and eutectic (Ti<sub>2</sub>Ni + β-Ti) – either near the fusion lines or within the weld metal. Welded joints whose weld metal predominantly consisted of Ti<sub>2</sub>Ni and eutectic (Ti<sub>2</sub>Ni + β-Ti) failed before testing or within the elastic region of the tensile curve. The maximum ultimate tensile strength of the welded joint reached 384&#xa0;MPa, corresponding to 95% of the ultimate tensile strength of commercially pure titanium VT1-0.</p>

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Electron beam welding of pure titanium and nickel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月31日

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  • Egor V. Terentyev,
  • Andrey P. Sliva,
  • Aleksey L. Goncharov,
  • Artem Y. Marchenkov,
  • Victor K. Dragunov,
  • Aleksandr V. Gudenko,
  • Ksenia T. Borodavkina,
  • Khariton M. Kozyrev

摘要

This study presents the results of investigating the influence of electron beam welding parameters – beam power, beam offset relative to the joint, welding speed, and scanning frequency – on the formation of butt joints between commercially pure titanium grade VT1-0 and nickel grade NP2. It is shown that the weld metal structure consists of various types of intermetallic compounds, eutectics, and solid solutions based on nickel and titanium, with their ratio determined by the degree of melting of the welded materials. High‑quality welded joints, free of cracks and lack of fusion, were obtained at nickel melting degrees of approximately 10, 55, and 85–90%. The maximum strength properties were achieved at a welding speed of 2000 mm/min. It is demonstrated that the presence in the weld metal of the low-melting intermetallic Ti2Ni and eutectic (Ti2Ni + β-Ti) increases the tendency to crack formation and leads to brittle fracture of the welded joint. Almost all specimens fractured during tensile testing in zones containing a high proportion of Ti2Ni and eutectic (Ti2Ni + β-Ti) – either near the fusion lines or within the weld metal. Welded joints whose weld metal predominantly consisted of Ti2Ni and eutectic (Ti2Ni + β-Ti) failed before testing or within the elastic region of the tensile curve. The maximum ultimate tensile strength of the welded joint reached 384 MPa, corresponding to 95% of the ultimate tensile strength of commercially pure titanium VT1-0.