<p>Previous studies on cutting forces during three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration-assisted turning neglected the softening effect of ultrasonic vibration on workpiece materials and the influence of material elastic recovery on cutting forces. This paper establishes a novel cutting force prediction model that addresses the shortcomings of previous models. First, the dynamic variations of both the principal cutting force and the normal cutting force were simulated separately, with the simulation model validated through experiments. The transient variations of the primary cutting force and normal cutting force were simulated separately and verified through experiments. Experimental results indicate that at v = 66&#xa0;m/min, the deviations between the primary cutting force and thrust calculated by the optimized model and the experimental values were 6.6% and 6.2%, respectively.Therefore, by adopting the proposed modeling approach, quantitative analysis of cutting forces in the three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration-assisted turning process becomes feasible.</p>