<p>With the development of the manufacturing industry to ultra-precision and ultra-high speed, the modern industry has introduced high requirements for the accuracy and stability of machine tools. The performance of the machine tool bed serves as the foundation for overall machine tool performance. Compared with typical machine beds, particle-filled polymer composites materials (PFPC) has superior mechanical properties; it is also characterised by its environmental friendliness and high designability. However, the resin contained in the PFPC increases its coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), which hinders its application in the field of ultra-precision machine tools. This review mainly focuses on the possible application of PFPC in ultra-precision machine tools and summarises the key factors affecting the performance of PFPC, including the type and ratio of raw materials and material interface bonding problems. The key problem, thermal expansion, which is a hindrance to its application in ultra-precision machine tool beds, is introduced. Finally, the future development direction of PFPC expansion performance, including the selection of negative thermal expansion aggregate and filler, highly advanced surface modification methods and simulation technology, is summarised to provide high-quality engineering materials for ultra-precision machine tool.</p>