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<p>Due to the limitations of creating a 3-axis mini Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine for ceramic cups and bowls that cannot control the curvature and surface smoothness of the prototype ceramic cups and bowls with curves and high surface precision, this research aimed to create a small CNC machine that can support prototyping product shapes with curves and high surface smoothness. The mini-CNC machine has a solid aluminum structure with 3.81&#xa0;cm (cm) thickness, 45.1&#xa0;cm (cm) width, 45.1&#xa0;cm (cm) length, and a height of 68.7&#xa0;cm (cm). The structure is equipped with a linear sliding support system in the X, Y, and Z axes, a sliding support system that rotates around itself in the A axis, and a part for controlling the movement of the workpiece, together with the automatic milling head with G-code commands. The test result of the small CNC machine was milling a prototype of a hard plaster lotus leaf bowl with a diameter of 130&#xa0;mm (mm) and a height of 65&#xa0;mm (mm) at a speed of 1000–3000&#xa0;mm/min and increasing the acceleration of the milling cutter rotation between 10,000 and 15,000&#xa0;rpm with the movement of the circular milling cutter at a depth of 0.1&#xa0;mm. Prototypes can be developed to cater to entrepreneurs’ requirements in terms of product shape and surface smoothness. The machine’s performance compares favorably with a small 3-axis CNC machine, demonstrating a significant improvement in surface quality, with mean Ra reduced by approximately <b>59.0%</b> (from 2.80&#xa0;μm to 1.15&#xa0;μm) and mean Rz reduced by <b>52.1%</b> (from 14.2&#xa0;μm to 6.8&#xa0;μm). Its success depends on the quality of its sliding system and automatic control equipment.</p>

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The development of a 4-axis mini CNC machine for prototyping ceramic cups and bowls

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月20日

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  • Anantakul Intarapadung

摘要

Due to the limitations of creating a 3-axis mini Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine for ceramic cups and bowls that cannot control the curvature and surface smoothness of the prototype ceramic cups and bowls with curves and high surface precision, this research aimed to create a small CNC machine that can support prototyping product shapes with curves and high surface smoothness. The mini-CNC machine has a solid aluminum structure with 3.81 cm (cm) thickness, 45.1 cm (cm) width, 45.1 cm (cm) length, and a height of 68.7 cm (cm). The structure is equipped with a linear sliding support system in the X, Y, and Z axes, a sliding support system that rotates around itself in the A axis, and a part for controlling the movement of the workpiece, together with the automatic milling head with G-code commands. The test result of the small CNC machine was milling a prototype of a hard plaster lotus leaf bowl with a diameter of 130 mm (mm) and a height of 65 mm (mm) at a speed of 1000–3000 mm/min and increasing the acceleration of the milling cutter rotation between 10,000 and 15,000 rpm with the movement of the circular milling cutter at a depth of 0.1 mm. Prototypes can be developed to cater to entrepreneurs’ requirements in terms of product shape and surface smoothness. The machine’s performance compares favorably with a small 3-axis CNC machine, demonstrating a significant improvement in surface quality, with mean Ra reduced by approximately 59.0% (from 2.80 μm to 1.15 μm) and mean Rz reduced by 52.1% (from 14.2 μm to 6.8 μm). Its success depends on the quality of its sliding system and automatic control equipment.