<p>This review summarizes recent progress on the microstructure evolution and wear performance of laser-cladded high-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings. We first analyze how process parameters—such as laser power, scanning speed and powder composition—govern melt-pool thermal history and resultant microstructures (phase constitution, grain size, precipitates/carburides, dislocation density). We then review principal strengthening mechanisms (solid-solution, grain refinement, precipitation/second-phase, dislocation and amorphization) and their contributions to hardness and wear resistance. The roles of ceramic reinforcements, self-lubricating phases, and auxiliary treatments in tailoring tribological behavior are discussed. Finally, we evaluate the prospects of multi-field coupled testing, numerical simulation and machine-learning approaches for wear prediction and process optimization, and outline key challenges and future directions. This review aims to provide guidance for the design and process optimization of wear-resistant laser-cladded HEA coatings.</p>