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<p>Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is increasingly recognized as a sustainable polymer matrix for environmentally friendly composites. In this study, PHA was reinforced with different concentrations of biosilica extracted from horsetail to enhance its overall performance. The composites were systematically characterized for their mechanical, tribological, and flammability properties. Among the formulations, the PB2 composite containing 2 vol.% biosilica showed the best mechanical performance, achieving a tensile strength of 78.6&#xa0;MPa, flexural strength of 95&#xa0;MPa, impact strength of 4.8&#xa0;J, and a Shore-D hardness of 84. These improvements are attributed to stronger interfacial bonding and effective stress transfer between the matrix and filler. In contrast, PB3 with 4 vol.% biosilica exhibited exceptional wear resistance, with a specific wear rate of 0.003 mm<sup>3</sup>/Nm and a coefficient of friction of 0.37, along with a reduced flame propagation rate of 20.0&#xa0;mm/min. These enhancements are credited to the increased load-bearing capability and thermal barrier effect of biosilica. SEM observations further confirmed uniform particle dispersion and strong interfacial adhesion. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of PHA–biosilica composites for high-performance applications in automotive, marine, drone, biomedical, and packaging sectors.</p>

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Surface-modified horsetail biosilica infused polyhydroxyalkanoate additively printed composite: mechanical, tribological and flammability properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月22日

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  • Nagaraj Basavegowda,
  • Prashant Sharma,
  • Navin Kedia,
  • Vinayagam Mohanavel,
  • Manickam Ravichandran,
  • Sivanraju Rajkumar,
  • Seeniappan Kaliappan,
  • Sathish Kannan,
  • Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar

摘要

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is increasingly recognized as a sustainable polymer matrix for environmentally friendly composites. In this study, PHA was reinforced with different concentrations of biosilica extracted from horsetail to enhance its overall performance. The composites were systematically characterized for their mechanical, tribological, and flammability properties. Among the formulations, the PB2 composite containing 2 vol.% biosilica showed the best mechanical performance, achieving a tensile strength of 78.6 MPa, flexural strength of 95 MPa, impact strength of 4.8 J, and a Shore-D hardness of 84. These improvements are attributed to stronger interfacial bonding and effective stress transfer between the matrix and filler. In contrast, PB3 with 4 vol.% biosilica exhibited exceptional wear resistance, with a specific wear rate of 0.003 mm3/Nm and a coefficient of friction of 0.37, along with a reduced flame propagation rate of 20.0 mm/min. These enhancements are credited to the increased load-bearing capability and thermal barrier effect of biosilica. SEM observations further confirmed uniform particle dispersion and strong interfacial adhesion. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of PHA–biosilica composites for high-performance applications in automotive, marine, drone, biomedical, and packaging sectors.