<p>The progress of society and the rapid development of advanced manufacturing technology complement each other. As a core process, cutting can produce numerous key components and is widely used in multiple important fields. It is especially important in crucial industries such as the energy, chemical, and aerospace industries. The widespread use of difficult-to-machine materials has brought unprecedented challenges to cutting processes. To increase the cutting efficiency of cutting tools and promote green and sustainable cutting technology, researchers have continuously explored and adopted various strategies, and surface microtexture technology has shown great potential for development. This paper discusses the various geometric and naturally inspired textures used on tool surfaces and introduces various preparation techniques, including grinding machining, laser machining, electrical discharge machining, and focused ion beam machining. This paper focuses on key indicators such as the cutting force, cutting temperature, tool wear, chip morphology, and machined surface quality and analyzes the intrinsic effect of tool surface texturing treatment on cutting performance. In addition, typical methods and strategies for improving the cutting performance of microtextured tools are explored in this paper. At the end of the paper, the existing limitations of tool surface texturing technology are noted, and future research directions are discussed.</p>