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<p>Martensitic stainless steels (MSS) are recognized for their high hardness, excellent wear resistance, and moderate corrosion resistance, making them suitable for a variety of demanding applications. MSS are primarily classified into two categories: the 400-series and precipitation-hardening (PH) series. The 400-series MSS, while cost-effective, are limited under severe mechanical–chemical conditions, whereas the PH-series offer enhanced strength and corrosion resistance. Such limitations typical for the 400-series MSS highlight the critical role of carburizing treatments in improving the durability and performance of these steels. Carburizing has long been a pivotal surface engineering technique, effectively enhancing the mechanical strength, wear resistance, and durability of MSS. This article explores the complex mechanisms of carburizing MSS through a systematic and bibliometric analysis, providing a thorough understanding of the technique’s evolution, from its historical roots to modern applications. The analysis examines how carburizing conditions, including temperature, time, and gas composition, influence the microstructure, mechanical properties, and overall performance of MSS. In addition to evaluating carburizing parameters, this review assesses the ecological footprint of carburizing technologies, offering insights into the environmental implications of various carburizing methods. The bibliometric analysis maps the research landscape up to the first quarter of the twenty-first century, highlighting influential studies and trends. Together, these findings offer a comprehensive foundation for future research and development (R&amp;D), guiding innovations in carburizing that align with both industrial demands and sustainability goals.</p>

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History, evolution, and current state of carburizing treatment on martensitic stainless steels

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月17日

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  • Cristiano José Scheuer,
  • Rodrigo Perito Cardoso,
  • Silvio Francisco Brunatto

摘要

Martensitic stainless steels (MSS) are recognized for their high hardness, excellent wear resistance, and moderate corrosion resistance, making them suitable for a variety of demanding applications. MSS are primarily classified into two categories: the 400-series and precipitation-hardening (PH) series. The 400-series MSS, while cost-effective, are limited under severe mechanical–chemical conditions, whereas the PH-series offer enhanced strength and corrosion resistance. Such limitations typical for the 400-series MSS highlight the critical role of carburizing treatments in improving the durability and performance of these steels. Carburizing has long been a pivotal surface engineering technique, effectively enhancing the mechanical strength, wear resistance, and durability of MSS. This article explores the complex mechanisms of carburizing MSS through a systematic and bibliometric analysis, providing a thorough understanding of the technique’s evolution, from its historical roots to modern applications. The analysis examines how carburizing conditions, including temperature, time, and gas composition, influence the microstructure, mechanical properties, and overall performance of MSS. In addition to evaluating carburizing parameters, this review assesses the ecological footprint of carburizing technologies, offering insights into the environmental implications of various carburizing methods. The bibliometric analysis maps the research landscape up to the first quarter of the twenty-first century, highlighting influential studies and trends. Together, these findings offer a comprehensive foundation for future research and development (R&D), guiding innovations in carburizing that align with both industrial demands and sustainability goals.