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<p>This study evaluates the effect of the gas metal arc welding process with a rotating electrode on the properties and microstructure of an API X80 steel pipe heat-affected zone. The results were compared to the conventional GMAW process. Welding was performed by both processes using the same electrical parameters, with rotation frequencies ranging from 500 to 2500 rpm in the rotating process. After welding, samples were extracted from the cross section for metallographic analysis using scanning electron microscopy and the electron backscattering diffraction technique. Mechanical testing, including Vickers microhardness and Charpy-V impact tests, was performed as well. The results indicated that the properties of the X80 HAZ obtained by the rotating process are equivalent to those provided by the conventional process for frequencies up to 2000 rpm. At a frequency of 2500 rpm, however, more notable microstructural and mechanical property changes were observed. Impact toughness values around 100 J decreased to approximately 75 J, attributed to the lower fraction of high-angle grain boundaries and a more prominent MA formation as a necklace-type at the previous austenite grain boundaries. Additionally, the rotating process produced a wider weld bead, reducing the lack of fusion. This confirms the potential of this process to replace the conventional method, offering advantages by allowing welding in narrow grooves. Overall, this work demonstrates the potential of the rotating GMAW process as a reliable and efficient alternative for narrow gap welding of X80 pipeline steel, offering improved weld quality, reduced defects, and consistent HAZ properties across a wide range of rotation speeds, thereby supporting its adoption in industrial applications.</p>

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Effect of GMAW rotating electrode frequency variation on the X80 seamless pipe mechanical properties and microstructure

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月22日

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  • Gilmar Z. Batista,
  • Vicente Trindade,
  • Matheus C. Mendes,
  • Luís Felipe G. de Souza,
  • Jorge C. F. Jorge

摘要

This study evaluates the effect of the gas metal arc welding process with a rotating electrode on the properties and microstructure of an API X80 steel pipe heat-affected zone. The results were compared to the conventional GMAW process. Welding was performed by both processes using the same electrical parameters, with rotation frequencies ranging from 500 to 2500 rpm in the rotating process. After welding, samples were extracted from the cross section for metallographic analysis using scanning electron microscopy and the electron backscattering diffraction technique. Mechanical testing, including Vickers microhardness and Charpy-V impact tests, was performed as well. The results indicated that the properties of the X80 HAZ obtained by the rotating process are equivalent to those provided by the conventional process for frequencies up to 2000 rpm. At a frequency of 2500 rpm, however, more notable microstructural and mechanical property changes were observed. Impact toughness values around 100 J decreased to approximately 75 J, attributed to the lower fraction of high-angle grain boundaries and a more prominent MA formation as a necklace-type at the previous austenite grain boundaries. Additionally, the rotating process produced a wider weld bead, reducing the lack of fusion. This confirms the potential of this process to replace the conventional method, offering advantages by allowing welding in narrow grooves. Overall, this work demonstrates the potential of the rotating GMAW process as a reliable and efficient alternative for narrow gap welding of X80 pipeline steel, offering improved weld quality, reduced defects, and consistent HAZ properties across a wide range of rotation speeds, thereby supporting its adoption in industrial applications.