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<p>Fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing of biodegradable polymers with adjustable mechanical properties is a cutting-edge technology that opens new paths for patient-specific design of biomedical implants, e.g., stents. After deployment, it is expected that poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) stents will provide enough support to arteries without causing excessive recoil. Additionally, the distributions of stresses and strains must be as uniform as possible, and the stent’s conformability to the vessels’ natural curvature must be ensured. Nevertheless, research on these materials and structures is insufficient. Five stent geometries were manufactured using the FDM process. Optimal printing regimes for polylactic acid (PLA) and PLLA stents were established. Bed temperature, printing speed, and nozzle diameter were determined for proper construction manufacturing. Based on tensile and compression tests, mechanical features of PLA and PLLA plastics were analyzed, and numerical simulations of stent deployment in a three-layered artery model were performed. Four-point bending tests were also conducted on the manufactured stents. The results of the four-point bending test confirmed that PLA stents had higher stiffness compared to PLLA stents. The ranking of the designed PLA and PLLA stents was performed based on results from numerical simulations. The proposed approach can help manufacturers in elaboration and manufacturing of new stent designs made of biodegradable polymers for clinical applications.</p>

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Elaboration of PLA and PLLA stents manufacturing regimes and evaluation of their mechanical performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月29日

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  • Alex G. Kuchumov,
  • Aleksandr Khairulin,
  • Daria Sporysheva,
  • Andrey Drozdov,
  • Polina Kilina,
  • Maxim Kachenyuk,
  • Pavel Bolshakov,
  • Kirill Akyfiev,
  • Vadim V. Silberschmidt

摘要

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing of biodegradable polymers with adjustable mechanical properties is a cutting-edge technology that opens new paths for patient-specific design of biomedical implants, e.g., stents. After deployment, it is expected that poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) stents will provide enough support to arteries without causing excessive recoil. Additionally, the distributions of stresses and strains must be as uniform as possible, and the stent’s conformability to the vessels’ natural curvature must be ensured. Nevertheless, research on these materials and structures is insufficient. Five stent geometries were manufactured using the FDM process. Optimal printing regimes for polylactic acid (PLA) and PLLA stents were established. Bed temperature, printing speed, and nozzle diameter were determined for proper construction manufacturing. Based on tensile and compression tests, mechanical features of PLA and PLLA plastics were analyzed, and numerical simulations of stent deployment in a three-layered artery model were performed. Four-point bending tests were also conducted on the manufactured stents. The results of the four-point bending test confirmed that PLA stents had higher stiffness compared to PLLA stents. The ranking of the designed PLA and PLLA stents was performed based on results from numerical simulations. The proposed approach can help manufacturers in elaboration and manufacturing of new stent designs made of biodegradable polymers for clinical applications.