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<p>This study introduces an in situ approach for determining the melting temperature of individual melt tracks by utilizing the Kalman filtering algorithm on temperature data obtained from an IR camera. By analyzing the measured melting temperatures of 316L steel powder at various laser power Levels ranging from 165 to 240 W, the expanded measurement uncertainty was determined to be ± 7% (± 114&#xa0;°C), with a maximum estimated melting temperature of 1625&#xa0;°C. This quantitative evaluation of measurement uncertainty formed the basis for developing a methodology to assess the quality of the laser melting process for 316L steel powder within the EOSINT M280 system’s build chamber. The proposed quality assessment framework categorizes the laser melting process into three quality levels: good/high (A), satisfactory (B), and unsatisfactory/unacceptable (C). Experimental studies on the laser melting process for 316L steel powder in the EOSINT M280 system’s build chamber at different laser power levels confirmed that the process quality falls within the good/high (A) classification. It has been established that a laser power of 195 W is required to reach the melting point of 316L steel powder. At this laser power Level, the melting temperature of the fabricated part varied between 1461&#xa0;°C and 1567&#xa0;°C, with an average melting temperature of 1522&#xa0;°C. Furthermore, the tolerance range for the melting temperature of 316L steel powder, where the laser melting process quality is classified as good/high (A), was found to span from 1415 to 1628&#xa0;°C.</p>

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In situ monitoring and quality assessment of laser powder bed fusion process for 316L stainless steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月30日

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  • Oleksandr Vasilevskyi,
  • Alexandra Woods,
  • Matthew Jones,
  • Michael Cullinan

摘要

This study introduces an in situ approach for determining the melting temperature of individual melt tracks by utilizing the Kalman filtering algorithm on temperature data obtained from an IR camera. By analyzing the measured melting temperatures of 316L steel powder at various laser power Levels ranging from 165 to 240 W, the expanded measurement uncertainty was determined to be ± 7% (± 114 °C), with a maximum estimated melting temperature of 1625 °C. This quantitative evaluation of measurement uncertainty formed the basis for developing a methodology to assess the quality of the laser melting process for 316L steel powder within the EOSINT M280 system’s build chamber. The proposed quality assessment framework categorizes the laser melting process into three quality levels: good/high (A), satisfactory (B), and unsatisfactory/unacceptable (C). Experimental studies on the laser melting process for 316L steel powder in the EOSINT M280 system’s build chamber at different laser power levels confirmed that the process quality falls within the good/high (A) classification. It has been established that a laser power of 195 W is required to reach the melting point of 316L steel powder. At this laser power Level, the melting temperature of the fabricated part varied between 1461 °C and 1567 °C, with an average melting temperature of 1522 °C. Furthermore, the tolerance range for the melting temperature of 316L steel powder, where the laser melting process quality is classified as good/high (A), was found to span from 1415 to 1628 °C.