<p>The ongoing research into dissimilar friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminum and polymers is both challenging and interesting, as new joining techniques are being developed to achieve high joint quality. Joining dissimilar materials, such as polymers to aluminum, has wide applications in industries including automotive, aerospace, medical, construction, and manufacturing. The difficulties arise from the significant differences in the mechanical and chemical properties of aluminum and polymers. This review article summarizes the current state of FSW joints between thermoplastic polymers and aluminum. The process parameters that influence joint strength are reviewed based on investigations from various researchers. Rotational speed, welding speed, tool geometry, and material properties are identified as the key parameters that significantly affect the welded joint. Joint is characterized by microstructure, tensile strength, hardness, shear strength, and related factors. Heat generation phenomena and the formation of potential defects, along with proposed remedies, are also assessed. Research gaps are identified, and future recommendations are proposed based on the findings from previous studies.</p>