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<p>Since the invention of the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) by the research group led by Zhong Lin Wang in 2012, TENG has made significant strides in the field of energy harvesting and self-powered sensing applications. Grounded in the principles of triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction, it efficiently converts almost any irregular, distributed, and wasted mechanical energy in daily life into electricity. Furthermore, self-powered sensors designed based on this principle offer sustainable solutions for the high-energy consumption era of the Internet of Things. This paper provides an overview of TENG’s fundamental principles, highlighting the <i>V</i>–<i>Q</i>–<i>x</i> relationship across its four modes. We analyze TENG’s output with various friction materials and operational modes, and outline its applications in harvesting energy from human motion, wind, waves, and other sources. We also explore TENG’s use in self-powered sensors, including pressure, rotational, and biomedical sensing. We conclude with a discussion on the challenges facing TENG’s advancement.</p>

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Triboelectric nanogenerator: development, application, and prospects

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月2日

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  • Jiancheng Dong,
  • Jiemeng Ding,
  • Junlei Han,
  • Wenhong Zhang,
  • Xingyuan Xu,
  • Wenbin He,
  • Yin Li,
  • Li Wang

摘要

Since the invention of the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) by the research group led by Zhong Lin Wang in 2012, TENG has made significant strides in the field of energy harvesting and self-powered sensing applications. Grounded in the principles of triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction, it efficiently converts almost any irregular, distributed, and wasted mechanical energy in daily life into electricity. Furthermore, self-powered sensors designed based on this principle offer sustainable solutions for the high-energy consumption era of the Internet of Things. This paper provides an overview of TENG’s fundamental principles, highlighting the V–Q–x relationship across its four modes. We analyze TENG’s output with various friction materials and operational modes, and outline its applications in harvesting energy from human motion, wind, waves, and other sources. We also explore TENG’s use in self-powered sensors, including pressure, rotational, and biomedical sensing. We conclude with a discussion on the challenges facing TENG’s advancement.