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<p>The article is based on destructive testing of 3D-printed ASTM A646/M300 and A564/17-4PH, which was performed to ensure the reliability, safety and performance of the printed 3D ‘I’ section. The selective laser melting (SLM) technique was employed to manufacture the 3D-printed samples of maraging steel. To incorporate the impact of process parameters, laser power (<i>P</i>) and laser scanning speed (<i>v</i>) are chosen to determine their relative impact on the tensile strength. The&#xa0;Python language was used for Bayesian modelling. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methodology was considered for the Bayesian inference and to examine the statistical relevance of the process parameter while printing the ‘I’ section. Based on the evidential proof, the Bayesian model shows disagreement with <i>p-</i>value while establishing the statistical significance of the&#xa0;alternative hypothesis (<i>H</i><sub>1</sub>) for the ultimate tensile strength (<i>σ</i><sub>u</sub>) with the laser power and impact energy with laser speed for ASTM A646/M300 and A564/17-4PH, respectively. The strong evidence against null hypothesis (<i>H</i><sub>0</sub>) was seen when <i>σ</i><sub>u</sub> of ASTM A646/M300 and <i>E</i><sub>c</sub> of A564/17-4PH were, respectively, estimated against <i>P</i> and <i>v</i>. The contradiction between the&#xa0;Bayesian model and ANOVA primarily occurred owing to the sample size effect. The maximum <i>σ</i><sub>u</sub> for A564/17-4PH was augmented by 13.68%, as compared to the corresponding value obtained for ASTM A646/M300 at the constant <i>v</i>. The uncertainty associated with the Charpy scale varied from ± 2.11 to ± 6.35&#xa0;J for ASTM A646/M300. The Fourier pattern of variation was associated with the tensile properties of A564/17-4PH at the constant laser power, whereas the polynomial model suited well to predict the mechanical behaviour of ASTM A646/M300. The porosity of 3D printed sections was noticed to be increased while modulating the laser power. However, it was not the case for the specimens printed at the varying speeds. Statistically, the Vicker hardness number was not influenced by the process parameters, but it was rather seen to be dependent on the material used for the 3D printing. Relatively speaking, hardenability of A564/17-4PH was high, as compared to ASTM A646/M300 while processing both materials at the same laser speed.</p>

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Material testing of 3D printed I-section of martensitic steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月29日

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  • Alok Dhaundiyal,
  • Varun Vashist

摘要

The article is based on destructive testing of 3D-printed ASTM A646/M300 and A564/17-4PH, which was performed to ensure the reliability, safety and performance of the printed 3D ‘I’ section. The selective laser melting (SLM) technique was employed to manufacture the 3D-printed samples of maraging steel. To incorporate the impact of process parameters, laser power (P) and laser scanning speed (v) are chosen to determine their relative impact on the tensile strength. The Python language was used for Bayesian modelling. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methodology was considered for the Bayesian inference and to examine the statistical relevance of the process parameter while printing the ‘I’ section. Based on the evidential proof, the Bayesian model shows disagreement with p-value while establishing the statistical significance of the alternative hypothesis (H1) for the ultimate tensile strength (σu) with the laser power and impact energy with laser speed for ASTM A646/M300 and A564/17-4PH, respectively. The strong evidence against null hypothesis (H0) was seen when σu of ASTM A646/M300 and Ec of A564/17-4PH were, respectively, estimated against P and v. The contradiction between the Bayesian model and ANOVA primarily occurred owing to the sample size effect. The maximum σu for A564/17-4PH was augmented by 13.68%, as compared to the corresponding value obtained for ASTM A646/M300 at the constant v. The uncertainty associated with the Charpy scale varied from ± 2.11 to ± 6.35 J for ASTM A646/M300. The Fourier pattern of variation was associated with the tensile properties of A564/17-4PH at the constant laser power, whereas the polynomial model suited well to predict the mechanical behaviour of ASTM A646/M300. The porosity of 3D printed sections was noticed to be increased while modulating the laser power. However, it was not the case for the specimens printed at the varying speeds. Statistically, the Vicker hardness number was not influenced by the process parameters, but it was rather seen to be dependent on the material used for the 3D printing. Relatively speaking, hardenability of A564/17-4PH was high, as compared to ASTM A646/M300 while processing both materials at the same laser speed.