<p>Aluminum alloy is a lightweight and high-strength metal material that has been widely used in industries such as automotive manufacturing, aviation, and electronic communication. Given its diverse applications, the processing of aluminum alloys requires adaptability to various shapes, high precision, and high efficiency. Laser Beam Cutting (LBC) technology is a key method in modern metal processing, which has shown great potential in aluminum alloy processing due to its advantages of high precision, high efficiency, and low environmental impact. The research on aluminum alloy LBC has made significant progress in understanding cutting mechanisms, optimizing process parameters, and developing theoretical simulations. However, there are still practical challenges in applying LBC to aluminum alloys, such as the high reflectivity and high thermal conductivity of aluminum alloys result in low laser energy absorption efficiency, and defects including pores and hot cracks are prone to occur during the processing. This article aims to explore LBC technology in aluminum alloys to improve the processing quality and efficiency of metal processing. Firstly, this article discusses the widespread application of aluminum alloys and LBC technology to understand the cutting changes of aluminum alloys under various conditions and the physical and chemical transformations during the machining process, as revealed through simulations. Subsequently, the influence of different parameters in the LBC process on the post-treatment quality of aluminum alloys was analyzed, and corresponding quality evaluations were proposed. Finally, this article explores innovative methods and approaches for LBC in complex external domains.</p>