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<p>This study analyzes the effects of LPBF processing parameters—laser power, scanning speed, and hatch&#xa0;spacing—and post-processing heat treatments (H900, H1025, and H1150) on the mechanical properties of 17-4 PH stainless steel. Microstructural observations revealed minimal changes in prior austenite grain size and&#xa0;martensite lath size across materials processed with different laser speeds, hatch spacing, and laser power but&#xa0;subjected to the same heat treatment temperature. These changes had negligible effects on UTS and YS, which&#xa0;were primarily governed by heat treatment due to its control over precipitation kinetics, size, and formation of&#xa0;strengthening phases—key mechanisms in 17-4 PH stainless steel. Statistical analysis showed that aging&#xa0;temperature contributed 96.20% to UTS and 94% to YS, highlighting the minimal influence of other variables.&#xa0;In contrast, elongation was more influenced by processing parameters, with 75.41% of the contribution coming&#xa0;from aging temperature, which is lower compared to UTS and YS. Elongation is closely linked to porosities,&#xa0;&gt;which initiate cracks and reduce elongation. This effect was particularly more pronounced at higher aging&#xa0;temperatures (e.g., 620°C), where defects caused abnormal dimples that, although small and difficult to detect&#xa0;with optical microscopy, affected elongation by around 2%. To avoid such abnormal dimples, a VED above&#xa0;70 J/mm³ is recommended, as it results in fracture characteristics comparable to those of conventionally&#xa0;manufactured materials. Finally, predictive models for UTS, YS, and elongation were developed which&#xa0;recommended for VED ranges between 70 and 90 J/mm³, enable the prediction of material properties at any&#xa0;processing parameters and temperatures with high precision, particularly in the elastic region, ensuring&#xa0;consistent material properties for precision applications.</p>

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Exploring the effect of processing parameters and post-processing heat treatment on the microstructure and tensile behavior of 17-4 PH steel: an experimental study with statistical investigation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月5日

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  • Yassmine Chedly,
  • Narges Omidi,
  • Pedram Farhadipour,
  • Asim Iltaf,
  • Noureddine Barka,
  • Abderrazak El Ouafi

摘要

This study analyzes the effects of LPBF processing parameters—laser power, scanning speed, and hatch spacing—and post-processing heat treatments (H900, H1025, and H1150) on the mechanical properties of 17-4 PH stainless steel. Microstructural observations revealed minimal changes in prior austenite grain size and martensite lath size across materials processed with different laser speeds, hatch spacing, and laser power but subjected to the same heat treatment temperature. These changes had negligible effects on UTS and YS, which were primarily governed by heat treatment due to its control over precipitation kinetics, size, and formation of strengthening phases—key mechanisms in 17-4 PH stainless steel. Statistical analysis showed that aging temperature contributed 96.20% to UTS and 94% to YS, highlighting the minimal influence of other variables. In contrast, elongation was more influenced by processing parameters, with 75.41% of the contribution coming from aging temperature, which is lower compared to UTS and YS. Elongation is closely linked to porosities, >which initiate cracks and reduce elongation. This effect was particularly more pronounced at higher aging temperatures (e.g., 620°C), where defects caused abnormal dimples that, although small and difficult to detect with optical microscopy, affected elongation by around 2%. To avoid such abnormal dimples, a VED above 70 J/mm³ is recommended, as it results in fracture characteristics comparable to those of conventionally manufactured materials. Finally, predictive models for UTS, YS, and elongation were developed which recommended for VED ranges between 70 and 90 J/mm³, enable the prediction of material properties at any processing parameters and temperatures with high precision, particularly in the elastic region, ensuring consistent material properties for precision applications.