<p>Focusing on the issue of thermal deformation in dry hobbing machine tools, the mechanisms of temperature change and the characteristics of temperature rise are thoroughly investigated. By analyzing heat generation through the energy conversion of various heterogeneous forms, including electrical, mechanical, and hydraulic energy, a comprehensive heat transfer model is developed to elucidate the complex thermal processes within the dry hobbing machine tool. The temperature at critical points of the machine tool during the dry hobbing of automotive gears is measured using a combination of infrared thermal imaging and online sensor technology. Experimental data are processed using Python to generate the machine tool’s temperature rise curve. Based on this analysis, the temperature rise characteristics of the dry hobbing machine tool are further explored. The findings provide valuable insights for controlling thermal deformation and designing thermal balance systems for dry hobbing machine tools.</p>