<p>Bone drilling technology has been widely applied in orthopedic surgeries such as fracture repair and implant installation. However, the traditional drilling method requires a larger drilling force, resulting in a higher drilling temperature. It takes a long time for patients to recover after surgery and causes heat damage and even heat necrosis of human bone, which needs further study. Therefore, strengthening research on bone drilling technology has been of significant importance for the development of orthopedic surgeries. Firstly, the research status of bone drill is systematically reviewed. The ceramic bit, stainless steel ceramic bit, micro-texture bit, Kirschner needle, and different bone bit designed by scholars are emphatically introduced. Their main advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. Secondly, the principle of high-speed drilling technology, rotary ultrasonic bone drilling technology, laser drilling technology, and its advantages compared with traditional drilling technology are described. Finally, the development and application prospects of bone drilling technology are proposed.</p>