Similarities and differences in regional determinants of university and industry patents: an analysis of Brazil from 2003 to 2018
摘要
In recent decades, the Regional Knowledge Production Function (RKPF) has become a widely used model for assessing regional industrial innovation, usually measured using patent data. However, the literature often disregards the growing number of patents filed by universities. We estimate a spatial panel RKPF to evaluate industrial and university patents separately in Brazil from 2003 to 2018, aiming to assess differences in the drivers of these distinct innovation outputs. Our findings reveal that R&D efforts, agglomeration, and network connections affect industrial and university patents differently. These results hold important implications for shaping regional innovation policies and for understanding the recent rise of university patenting.