<p>This study examines the behavior of hybrid nanofluid flow with mixed convection and slip effects near a tilted hemispherical surface with a focus on its influence on climate change. These hybrid nanoparticles are present in large quantities and are unevenly distributed across different regions of the hemisphere. A mathematical model is developed using nonlinear coupled partial differential equations, which are transformed into a dimensionless form through suitable variables. The resulting system of equations is solved numerically using the Finite Difference Method. The influence of key parameters on velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions is analyzed. Additionally, the study explores the impact of flow resistance and transport phenomena along the hemispherical surface on atmospheric dynamics and their potential role in climate variation. The findings show a novel role of the velocity slip parameters<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${\beta }^{}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow> <mi>β</mi> </mrow> <mrow /> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, significantly enhances thermal efficiency by reducing boundary layer thickness and improving energy and mass flow. This leads to improve heat ditribution and reduced energy consumption which collectively influence climate change and regulate atmospheric temperature gradients. Moreover, the study introduces insights into the effects of the thermal slip <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${\gamma }^{},$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mrow> <mi>γ</mi> </mrow> <mrow /> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </mmultiscripts> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> increasing the thermal slip parameter <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$,$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>,</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> velocity rises near the surface while dereaseing far from the surface, enhancing heat transfer and thermal regulation, which supports energy savings despite climate implications. The findings indicate that parameters<InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$m$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>m</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${Ri}_{T}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">Ri</mi> </mrow> <mi>T</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${Ri}_{C}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">Ri</mi> </mrow> <mi>C</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and Sc significantly enhance interaction moleculer resistance, heat transfer, and mass transfer rates, emphasizing their key role in optimizing energy usage and stabilizing atmospheric temperature. The physical and numerical behavior of the model is illustrated using both graphical and tabular representations.</p>

Study of climate change dynamics in vicinity of hemisphere: an analysis of velocity and thermal slip effects

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发表日期：

2026年5月17日

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Farhat Imtiaz,
Muhammad Ashraf,
Ghulam Rasool,
Dalia H. Elkamchouchi,
M. Ijaz Khan

摘要

This study examines the behavior of hybrid nanofluid flow with mixed convection and slip effects near a tilted hemispherical surface with a focus on its influence on climate change. These hybrid nanoparticles are present in large quantities and are unevenly distributed across different regions of the hemisphere. A mathematical model is developed using nonlinear coupled partial differential equations, which are transformed into a dimensionless form through suitable variables. The resulting system of equations is solved numerically using the Finite Difference Method. The influence of key parameters on velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions is analyzed. Additionally, the study explores the impact of flow resistance and transport phenomena along the hemispherical surface on atmospheric dynamics and their potential role in climate variation. The findings show a novel role of the velocity slip parameters ${\beta }^{*}$ $β^{*}$ , significantly enhances thermal efficiency by reducing boundary layer thickness and improving energy and mass flow. This leads to improve heat ditribution and reduced energy consumption which collectively influence climate change and regulate atmospheric temperature gradients. Moreover, the study introduces insights into the effects of the thermal slip ${\gamma }^{*},$ $γ^{*},$ increasing the thermal slip parameter $,$ $,$ velocity rises near the surface while dereaseing far from the surface, enhancing heat transfer and thermal regulation, which supports energy savings despite climate implications. The findings indicate that parameters $m$ $m$ , ${Ri}_{T}$ ${Ri}_{T}$ , ${Ri}_{C}$ ${Ri}_{C}$ and Sc significantly enhance interaction moleculer resistance, heat transfer, and mass transfer rates, emphasizing their key role in optimizing energy usage and stabilizing atmospheric temperature. The physical and numerical behavior of the model is illustrated using both graphical and tabular representations.