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<p>This paper examines the impact of China’s college enrollment expansion since 1999 on parental investments in children’s human capital. Utilizing a measure of expansion exposure that exploits exogenous variation in college enrollment opportunities across time and provinces, we find that the expansion has increased education levels for both mothers and fathers. Furthermore, higher exposure to the expansion for mothers significantly increased educational investments in children, while no such effect was found for fathers. Mechanism analysis shows that the results can be largely explained by the rise of mothers’ income and relative education level, which gave rise to the empowerment of mothers and explains the discrepant effects between mothers and fathers. Our study reveals a new channel through which the college enrollment expansion exerts an intergenerational influence.</p>

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Tiger moms: mother’s education and investments in children’s human capital in China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月22日

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  • Yuanyuan Chen,
  • Jiaxin Wang,
  • Meng Yuan

摘要

This paper examines the impact of China’s college enrollment expansion since 1999 on parental investments in children’s human capital. Utilizing a measure of expansion exposure that exploits exogenous variation in college enrollment opportunities across time and provinces, we find that the expansion has increased education levels for both mothers and fathers. Furthermore, higher exposure to the expansion for mothers significantly increased educational investments in children, while no such effect was found for fathers. Mechanism analysis shows that the results can be largely explained by the rise of mothers’ income and relative education level, which gave rise to the empowerment of mothers and explains the discrepant effects between mothers and fathers. Our study reveals a new channel through which the college enrollment expansion exerts an intergenerational influence.