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<p>To be able to detect a&#xa0;malalignment of the lower extremities, radiological analysis is just as essential as a clinical examination. Only with established reference values for the respective measurement method can pathological findings be distinguished from physiological ones; however, in many cases the choice of measurement method is not standardized and there are often several options to choose from. While the analysis of frontal alignment is well standardized, there are many different measurement methods for assessing femoral and tibial torsion. Particularly interesting is the measurement of the tibial slope, which refers to the posterior inclination of the tibial plateau. There is considerable uncertainty in this area but recent studies are pointing the way forward. This review article aims to define a&#xa0;standard for measuring frontal alignment, femoral and tibial torsion and the tibial slope based on the current literature and several case examples.</p>

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Radiologische Messmethoden an der unteren Extremität

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月12日

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  • René El Attal

摘要

To be able to detect a malalignment of the lower extremities, radiological analysis is just as essential as a clinical examination. Only with established reference values for the respective measurement method can pathological findings be distinguished from physiological ones; however, in many cases the choice of measurement method is not standardized and there are often several options to choose from. While the analysis of frontal alignment is well standardized, there are many different measurement methods for assessing femoral and tibial torsion. Particularly interesting is the measurement of the tibial slope, which refers to the posterior inclination of the tibial plateau. There is considerable uncertainty in this area but recent studies are pointing the way forward. This review article aims to define a standard for measuring frontal alignment, femoral and tibial torsion and the tibial slope based on the current literature and several case examples.