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Background <p>The knee joint is exposed to high loads that can exceed the body weight during dynamic activities. Stability is ensured by ligaments, tendons and muscles, while cartilage and synovial fluid enable movement. Degeneration disrupts this balance, which favors the development of osteoarthritis.</p> Objective <p>The aim of this article is to demonstrate the biomechanical and biochemical processes of knee osteoarthritis, in particular their effects on load transfer, subchondral sclerosis and osteophyte formation. Special attention is given to diagnostic possibilities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques and biomarkers, for early diagnosis and prognosis. This provides the foundations for correct patient selection to improve the success rates of reconstructive procedures.</p> Results <p>As osteoarthritis progresses there is an increasing asymmetry in load transfer, with the medial compartment being particularly affected. This leads to a&#xa0;significant increase in subchondral sclerosis and osteophyte formation. The use of MRI analyses using T1ρ and T2 mapping identified changes in the cartilage that precede structural damage by up to 2 years. Biomarkers such as s‑Coll2-1NO2 correlated strongly with the radiographic and clinical severity of osteoarthritis, which means they could be used as prognostic markers. An elevated u‑CTXII value predicts rapid progression and the need for a&#xa0;knee arthroplasty.</p> Conclusion <p>Modern diagnostic techniques, such as 3D imaging and biomarkers support the early detection and prognosis of knee osteoarthritis. This could improve treatment and preventive measures and thus lead to optimized patient care.</p>

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Biomechanische und biochemische Veränderungen bei Degeneration und Früharthrose des Kniegelenks

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月28日

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  • Anna Bartsch,
  • Christoph Zindel-Geisseler,
  • Matthias Feucht

摘要

Background

The knee joint is exposed to high loads that can exceed the body weight during dynamic activities. Stability is ensured by ligaments, tendons and muscles, while cartilage and synovial fluid enable movement. Degeneration disrupts this balance, which favors the development of osteoarthritis.

Objective

The aim of this article is to demonstrate the biomechanical and biochemical processes of knee osteoarthritis, in particular their effects on load transfer, subchondral sclerosis and osteophyte formation. Special attention is given to diagnostic possibilities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques and biomarkers, for early diagnosis and prognosis. This provides the foundations for correct patient selection to improve the success rates of reconstructive procedures.

Results

As osteoarthritis progresses there is an increasing asymmetry in load transfer, with the medial compartment being particularly affected. This leads to a significant increase in subchondral sclerosis and osteophyte formation. The use of MRI analyses using T1ρ and T2 mapping identified changes in the cartilage that precede structural damage by up to 2 years. Biomarkers such as s‑Coll2-1NO2 correlated strongly with the radiographic and clinical severity of osteoarthritis, which means they could be used as prognostic markers. An elevated u‑CTXII value predicts rapid progression and the need for a knee arthroplasty.

Conclusion

Modern diagnostic techniques, such as 3D imaging and biomarkers support the early detection and prognosis of knee osteoarthritis. This could improve treatment and preventive measures and thus lead to optimized patient care.