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<p>Frozen shoulder (FS) (synonym capsulitis adhaesiva) is a&#xa0;self-limiting disease of the shoulder joint that is manifested as painful active and passive restriction of movement. A&#xa0;distinction is made between primary and secondary forms of FS. Primary FS has a&#xa0;typically phased course (freezing phase, frozen phase and thawing phase). The prevalence of FS is 2–5% and occurs more frequently in middle age (40–60&#xa0;years) and more frequently in women (ratio approximately women:men 3:2). It is primarily clinically diagnosed by the Codman hand grip, which is why the medical history and physical examination are of particular importance. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered the standard method in the imaging diagnostics of FS. Conservative treatment should be initiated depending on the cause and the stage of FS and the aim is to limit or prevent the loss of range of motion. The primary form of FS has a&#xa0;good prognosis with conservative treatment but often has a&#xa0;protracted course with long periods of incapacity to work. Surgery should be performed depending on the individual level of suffering, in the case of treatment refractory progression despite adequate conservative treatment.</p>

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Frozen Shoulder

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月7日

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  • Markus-Johannes Rueth,
  • Philipp Koehl,
  • Alexander Schuh

摘要

Frozen shoulder (FS) (synonym capsulitis adhaesiva) is a self-limiting disease of the shoulder joint that is manifested as painful active and passive restriction of movement. A distinction is made between primary and secondary forms of FS. Primary FS has a typically phased course (freezing phase, frozen phase and thawing phase). The prevalence of FS is 2–5% and occurs more frequently in middle age (40–60 years) and more frequently in women (ratio approximately women:men 3:2). It is primarily clinically diagnosed by the Codman hand grip, which is why the medical history and physical examination are of particular importance. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered the standard method in the imaging diagnostics of FS. Conservative treatment should be initiated depending on the cause and the stage of FS and the aim is to limit or prevent the loss of range of motion. The primary form of FS has a good prognosis with conservative treatment but often has a protracted course with long periods of incapacity to work. Surgery should be performed depending on the individual level of suffering, in the case of treatment refractory progression despite adequate conservative treatment.