<p>The spectrum of indications for fertility protection procedures has expanded considerably in the past two decades, both for patients with cancer and for patients with other diseases that eliminate or reduce ovarian reserve. At the same time, the risks of complications such as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) are now manageable using individualized stimulation protocols, and there is now an extensive basis of empirical evidence for both short- and long-terms safety. The current article illuminates the application of fertility protection techniques in the context of cancer, focusing on cryopreservation of oocytes, embryos, and ovarian tissue. In addition, the necessity of sustainable interdisciplinary cooperation and the relevance of networks (FertiPROTEKT) is presented—for the quality of life, holistic care, and best possible reproductive autonomy of patients but also in order to support treating physicians regarding medical, ethical, and legal and liability concerns.</p>