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<p>This study assessed the long-term sustainability of integrating sewage sludge (SSL) with recommended (100%) or reduced (75%) doses of chemical fertilizers to enhance soil health, crop productivity, and reduce dependency on synthetic fertilizer inputs in the intensive rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS). A field experiment, established in 2010 and evaluated from 2017 to 2020 in Uttar Pradesh, India, employed nine nutrient management treatments in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments included sole application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF: N:P: K::120:60:60) and combinations of sewage sludge (20 or 30 t ha<sup>−1</sup>) with either 100% or 75% RDF. Soil (0–15&#xa0;cm) physicochemical and biological properties were analyzed to identify key soil health indicators (SHIs) and compute a soil health index (SHI). Integrated treatments significantly outperformed sole RDF, with T<sub>3</sub> (100% RDF + 30 t ha<sup>−1</sup> SSL), T<sub>2</sub> (100% RDF + 20 t ha<sup>−1</sup> SSL), and T<sub>9</sub> (75% RDF + 30 t ha<sup>−1</sup> SSL) yielding highest productivity and SHI (0.85–1.0). Alkaline phosphatase, available K, and microbial biomass N were most sensitive SHIs. T<sub>3</sub> notably boosted soil organic carbon, water-holding capacity, and nutrients while lowering bulk density, without exceeding the heavy metal thresholds promoting resilient RWCS aligned with UN Sustainable Development Goals.</p>

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Optimizing Soil Health and Productivity in Intensive Rice-Wheat Systems Using Conjoint Application of Sewage Sludge

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月23日

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  • Surendra Singh Jatav,
  • Satish Kumar Singh,
  • Debabrata Nath,
  • Vandana Kumari,
  • Pramod Kumar Sharma

摘要

This study assessed the long-term sustainability of integrating sewage sludge (SSL) with recommended (100%) or reduced (75%) doses of chemical fertilizers to enhance soil health, crop productivity, and reduce dependency on synthetic fertilizer inputs in the intensive rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS). A field experiment, established in 2010 and evaluated from 2017 to 2020 in Uttar Pradesh, India, employed nine nutrient management treatments in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments included sole application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF: N:P: K::120:60:60) and combinations of sewage sludge (20 or 30 t ha−1) with either 100% or 75% RDF. Soil (0–15 cm) physicochemical and biological properties were analyzed to identify key soil health indicators (SHIs) and compute a soil health index (SHI). Integrated treatments significantly outperformed sole RDF, with T3 (100% RDF + 30 t ha−1 SSL), T2 (100% RDF + 20 t ha−1 SSL), and T9 (75% RDF + 30 t ha−1 SSL) yielding highest productivity and SHI (0.85–1.0). Alkaline phosphatase, available K, and microbial biomass N were most sensitive SHIs. T3 notably boosted soil organic carbon, water-holding capacity, and nutrients while lowering bulk density, without exceeding the heavy metal thresholds promoting resilient RWCS aligned with UN Sustainable Development Goals.