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<p>Fully understanding long-term liming effects on microbial dynamics requires further extensive and site-specific research. The study’s core objective was to track how the amount of viable microbial biomass (measured via PLFA) and function (measured via enzyme activity) evolve in reclaimed Northern Ontario sites over time, providing insights into the process of ecosystem recovery. Four sites were selected, encompassing both limed areas and adjacent unlimed control areas. Although all sites were monitored concurrently, the applications of limestones occurred at different times. Liming at the freshly treated Kelly Lake site caused a temporary, significant increase in microbial biomass during the first four years of monitoring. This initial surge was absent in samples from older limed areas (Wahnapitae, Hwy 17 bypass, and Sudbury Snow Dump sites) monitored 7–13 years post-treatment, which suggests the effects had plateaued. Despite this short-lived microbial response, the overall positive effects of liming such as improved soil chemistry (e.g., increased pH and increased calcium) and enhanced plant population health seems to persist long after the initial biomass increase, demonstrating lasting ecological benefits. Variations in liming effects on soil biota were linked to differences in treatment duration and site-specific environmental characteristics. Microbial biomass values showed a strong positive correlation with pH (<i>r</i> = 0.76) and a weak positive correlation with organic matter (OM) values (<i>r</i> = 0.35). Amplicon sequencing analysis revealed a significant increase in bacterial community richness, indicated by significantly higher Chao1 values in limed (4450) versus unlimed (3446) soil samples, while fungal communities showed no such changes. Enzyme activities remained stable over time in both unlimed and limed samples, with two key exceptions among the C-cycling enzymes: beta-glucosidase (BG) and cellobiohydrolase (CBH). The activities of these two enzymes increased significantly over time in the limed soils. A consistent significant increase was observed for arylsulfatase (AS), an enzyme involved in S-cycling.</p>

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Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Microbial Communities in Northern Ontario (Canada) Mine Reclamation Sites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • K. K. Nkongolo,
  • P. Beckett,
  • K. Klajman,
  • R. Narendrula-Kotha

摘要

Fully understanding long-term liming effects on microbial dynamics requires further extensive and site-specific research. The study’s core objective was to track how the amount of viable microbial biomass (measured via PLFA) and function (measured via enzyme activity) evolve in reclaimed Northern Ontario sites over time, providing insights into the process of ecosystem recovery. Four sites were selected, encompassing both limed areas and adjacent unlimed control areas. Although all sites were monitored concurrently, the applications of limestones occurred at different times. Liming at the freshly treated Kelly Lake site caused a temporary, significant increase in microbial biomass during the first four years of monitoring. This initial surge was absent in samples from older limed areas (Wahnapitae, Hwy 17 bypass, and Sudbury Snow Dump sites) monitored 7–13 years post-treatment, which suggests the effects had plateaued. Despite this short-lived microbial response, the overall positive effects of liming such as improved soil chemistry (e.g., increased pH and increased calcium) and enhanced plant population health seems to persist long after the initial biomass increase, demonstrating lasting ecological benefits. Variations in liming effects on soil biota were linked to differences in treatment duration and site-specific environmental characteristics. Microbial biomass values showed a strong positive correlation with pH (r = 0.76) and a weak positive correlation with organic matter (OM) values (r = 0.35). Amplicon sequencing analysis revealed a significant increase in bacterial community richness, indicated by significantly higher Chao1 values in limed (4450) versus unlimed (3446) soil samples, while fungal communities showed no such changes. Enzyme activities remained stable over time in both unlimed and limed samples, with two key exceptions among the C-cycling enzymes: beta-glucosidase (BG) and cellobiohydrolase (CBH). The activities of these two enzymes increased significantly over time in the limed soils. A consistent significant increase was observed for arylsulfatase (AS), an enzyme involved in S-cycling.