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<p>Based on observational data from a coastal city in East China, this study integrates meteorological measurements and numerical modeling to identify key drivers and spatiotemporal patterns of regional atmospheric pollution. The findings indicated that the annual 90th percentile concentration of daily maximum 8-h average O<sub>3</sub> in Beilun District reached 143.69 μg/m<sup>3</sup> in 2022, exceeding the national Class I limit for O<sub>3</sub>. Seasonal ozone pollution peaked in spring and summer, exhibiting a distinct single-peak diurnal profile. High temperature and low humidity favored photochemical O<sub>3</sub> formation, while wind conditions influenced O<sub>3</sub> through both local accumulation under weak winds and regional transport under low-to-moderate sea-breeze conditions. Application of the empirical kinetic modelling approach demonstrated that ozone formation was predominantly volatile organic compound (VOC)-limited, with alkenes exhibiting the highest ozone formation potential, followed by alkanes and aromatics. Source apportionment via positive matrix factorization model identified vehicle exhaust (28.7%), solvent usage (24.3%), and oil gas evaporation (24.1%) as the principal sources of ambient VOCs. Backward trajectory analysis indicated that air masses in May were predominantly influenced by eastern marine pathways (38.71%), whereas air masses in July were characterized by transport from inland sources in southwestern Zhejiang Province (62.23%). Potential source contribution function analysis further designated port areas as high-contribution zones for ozone precursors (contribution factors &gt; 0.8), underscoring the significant role of coastal industrial operations and shipping emissions in exacerbating local air pollution.</p>

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Pollution Characteristics, Potential Sources and Transport Pathways of O3 and VOCs in a Coastal City of East China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Yuan Xue,
  • Yufei Ling,
  • Lei Tong,
  • Jiayong Feng,
  • Huan Lin,
  • Chunli Liu,
  • Cenyan Huang,
  • Hang Xiao

摘要

Based on observational data from a coastal city in East China, this study integrates meteorological measurements and numerical modeling to identify key drivers and spatiotemporal patterns of regional atmospheric pollution. The findings indicated that the annual 90th percentile concentration of daily maximum 8-h average O3 in Beilun District reached 143.69 μg/m3 in 2022, exceeding the national Class I limit for O3. Seasonal ozone pollution peaked in spring and summer, exhibiting a distinct single-peak diurnal profile. High temperature and low humidity favored photochemical O3 formation, while wind conditions influenced O3 through both local accumulation under weak winds and regional transport under low-to-moderate sea-breeze conditions. Application of the empirical kinetic modelling approach demonstrated that ozone formation was predominantly volatile organic compound (VOC)-limited, with alkenes exhibiting the highest ozone formation potential, followed by alkanes and aromatics. Source apportionment via positive matrix factorization model identified vehicle exhaust (28.7%), solvent usage (24.3%), and oil gas evaporation (24.1%) as the principal sources of ambient VOCs. Backward trajectory analysis indicated that air masses in May were predominantly influenced by eastern marine pathways (38.71%), whereas air masses in July were characterized by transport from inland sources in southwestern Zhejiang Province (62.23%). Potential source contribution function analysis further designated port areas as high-contribution zones for ozone precursors (contribution factors > 0.8), underscoring the significant role of coastal industrial operations and shipping emissions in exacerbating local air pollution.