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<p>Air quality directly affects human health and quality of life, making the detection and concentration of pollutants like heavy metals essential. This study used calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) to analyze depositional material on leaf surfaces collected from four sites in Islamabad, Pakistan, including residential, industrial, and highway areas. A Q-switched Nd: YAG laser (1064&#xa0;nm, 100&#xa0;mJ) produced plasma on the leaf surfaces. The plasma emissions confirmed the presence of heavy metals Cu, As, Cd, Ba, and Pb with higher concentrations near highways and industrial zones. Among these pollutants, As was detected with 1950 ppm (highway) and 700 ppm (industrial), while Cu and Pb were found at 2100 and 1100 ppm near the highway. These findings indicate increased air pollution in high-traffic and industrial areas, possibly due to the metal industry, vehicular emissions, and wear of tires and brake pads. The data provides a tool for municipal authorities to identify and manage pollution hot spots. The combination of the use of green leaves for analyzing heavy metals in the atmosphere and standard-less, field-deployable LIBS is reported for the first time.</p>

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Analysis of Heavy Metals on Green Leaf Surfaces Using Calibration-Free Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月9日

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  • Hamida Zia,
  • Shaista Shahzada,
  • S. U. Haq,
  • M. Aamir Israr,
  • Ali Nadeem

摘要

Air quality directly affects human health and quality of life, making the detection and concentration of pollutants like heavy metals essential. This study used calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) to analyze depositional material on leaf surfaces collected from four sites in Islamabad, Pakistan, including residential, industrial, and highway areas. A Q-switched Nd: YAG laser (1064 nm, 100 mJ) produced plasma on the leaf surfaces. The plasma emissions confirmed the presence of heavy metals Cu, As, Cd, Ba, and Pb with higher concentrations near highways and industrial zones. Among these pollutants, As was detected with 1950 ppm (highway) and 700 ppm (industrial), while Cu and Pb were found at 2100 and 1100 ppm near the highway. These findings indicate increased air pollution in high-traffic and industrial areas, possibly due to the metal industry, vehicular emissions, and wear of tires and brake pads. The data provides a tool for municipal authorities to identify and manage pollution hot spots. The combination of the use of green leaves for analyzing heavy metals in the atmosphere and standard-less, field-deployable LIBS is reported for the first time.