<p>Rapid scale-up and intensification of the livestock and poultry industry generates large amounts of manure contributing to pollution and posing a potential threat to the environment. The spatiotemporal characteristics of livestock and poultry manure (LPM) pollution in Hunan Province, China, were analyzed using statistical analysis and GIS technology. The analysis indicated that the proportion of pig manure was much higher than that of other livestock and poultry species from 2006 to 2020, reaching 41–52%. As such, pollution from pig breeding remains the focus of livestock and poultry pollution control in Hunan Province. Compared to 2010 and 2015, the agricultural land load of LPM in Hunan Province improved by 2020, with LPM posing a slight threat to the environment in the cities of Hengyang, Yongzhou, and Loudi, but not in other cities and prefecture. From 2006 to 2020, the TN and TP contents in LPM showed an increasing trend, while the chemical oxygen demand (CODcr), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), and ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) fluctuated with annual changes in pig numbers in Hunan Province. The risk of nitrogen and carbon pollution from LPM remains low in most cities. There was a moderate and high risk of phosphorus pollution in Changde and Shaoyang Cities, and in Hengyang, Yongzhou and Loudi Cities, respectively, while most of the other areas were at slight risk. Structural adjustments and spatial optimization of livestock and poultry breeding could help reduce the impact of LPM on the environment.</p>