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<p>Heavy-metal accumulation and potential health risks were assessed by measuring the concentrations of As, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in soils and crops near the largest Ni and Cu mines in Vietnam. Concentrations of Cu and Ni were higher than the maximum allowable limits for agricultural soils in 71% and 25% of the samples, respectively. Water spinach (<i>Ipomoea aquatic</i>), leaf mustard (<i>Brassica integrifolia</i>), and corn (<i>Zea mays</i>) accumulated higher concentrations (by fresh weight) of heavy metals than other studied crops. The hazard index (<i>HI</i>) values for soil and crop pathways near the Ni and Cu mines were 1.63 and 1.18, respectively, indicating high non-carcinogenic risks. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (<i>ILRC</i>) values for the Ni and Cu mining areas were 1.99 × 10<sup>− 4</sup> and 2.61 × 10<sup>− 4</sup>, respectively, indicating high carcinogenic risks, 96.4–99.2% of which is attributed to crop consumption. Water spinach, leaf mustard, and corn contributed 59.5–88.2% of the <i>HI</i> and 60.3–69.4% of the <i>ILRC</i> values, implying that these crops should not be cultivated in the study area. High Ni contributions (58.4–62.6%) to the total <i>ILRC</i> values indicate the need for Ni analysis for more precise health risk assessment in sulfide mines.</p>

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Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Via Soil and Crop Exposure Near Nickel and Copper Mines

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月7日

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  • Nguyen Thi Hoang Ha,
  • Do Trung Hieu,
  • Hoang Thi Phuong Anh,
  • Thi Ha Nguyen,
  • Tran Thi Huyen Nga,
  • Nguyen Thi Hai,
  • Pham Van Chung,
  • Bui Thi Kim Anh,
  • Van-Hao Duong,
  • Kyoung-Woong Kim

摘要

Heavy-metal accumulation and potential health risks were assessed by measuring the concentrations of As, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in soils and crops near the largest Ni and Cu mines in Vietnam. Concentrations of Cu and Ni were higher than the maximum allowable limits for agricultural soils in 71% and 25% of the samples, respectively. Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatic), leaf mustard (Brassica integrifolia), and corn (Zea mays) accumulated higher concentrations (by fresh weight) of heavy metals than other studied crops. The hazard index (HI) values for soil and crop pathways near the Ni and Cu mines were 1.63 and 1.18, respectively, indicating high non-carcinogenic risks. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILRC) values for the Ni and Cu mining areas were 1.99 × 10− 4 and 2.61 × 10− 4, respectively, indicating high carcinogenic risks, 96.4–99.2% of which is attributed to crop consumption. Water spinach, leaf mustard, and corn contributed 59.5–88.2% of the HI and 60.3–69.4% of the ILRC values, implying that these crops should not be cultivated in the study area. High Ni contributions (58.4–62.6%) to the total ILRC values indicate the need for Ni analysis for more precise health risk assessment in sulfide mines.