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<p>Benzophenone-3 (BP-3), a widely used ultraviolet filter in personal care products, has been extensively detected in aquatic environments and poses potential ecological risks. This study innovatively investigated the pH-dependent acute toxicity of BP-3 to three model aquatic organisms—<i>Daphnia magna</i>, <i>Photobacterium phosphoreum</i>, and <i>Danio rerio</i>—by determining the EC<sub>50</sub> and LC<sub>50</sub> values across a pH range of 5.0 to 9.0. Our results revealed that BP-3 exerted greater acute toxicity on all three tested aquatic organisms under acidic conditions (pH 5.0) than under alkaline conditions (pH 9.0). The increased toxicity with lower pH was attributed to the predominance of the more lipophilic molecular form of BP-3, emphasizing the significant influence of environmental pH on BP-3 toxicity. These findings provide essential toxicological data for assessing the ecological risks of BP-3 in diverse aquatic environments, highlighting the necessity of considering BP-3 concentration, environmental pH and exposed species in ecological risk assessments.</p>

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The pH-Dependent Toxic Effects of Benzophenone-3 on Aquatic Organisms

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月16日

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  • Junyun Huang,
  • Boying Liu,
  • Sijia Yuan,
  • Haiyun Zhou,
  • Jian Bao,
  • Yong Tu,
  • Zunyao Wang,
  • Weixia Wang

摘要

Benzophenone-3 (BP-3), a widely used ultraviolet filter in personal care products, has been extensively detected in aquatic environments and poses potential ecological risks. This study innovatively investigated the pH-dependent acute toxicity of BP-3 to three model aquatic organisms—Daphnia magna, Photobacterium phosphoreum, and Danio rerio—by determining the EC50 and LC50 values across a pH range of 5.0 to 9.0. Our results revealed that BP-3 exerted greater acute toxicity on all three tested aquatic organisms under acidic conditions (pH 5.0) than under alkaline conditions (pH 9.0). The increased toxicity with lower pH was attributed to the predominance of the more lipophilic molecular form of BP-3, emphasizing the significant influence of environmental pH on BP-3 toxicity. These findings provide essential toxicological data for assessing the ecological risks of BP-3 in diverse aquatic environments, highlighting the necessity of considering BP-3 concentration, environmental pH and exposed species in ecological risk assessments.