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<p>Technological advancement has brought significant environmental challenges, as its associated waste is difficult to manage and its long-term effects on ecosystems and biota remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity of rare earth elements (REEs): lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, scandium, and yttrium on the standard aquatic species <i>Daphnia magna</i> through a toxicity screening approach. Based on EC<sub>50</sub> values, the most toxic element was yttrium (EC<sub>50</sub> = 7.2 mg L<sup>−1</sup>), followed by scandium, dysprosium, europium, lutetium, neodymium, holmium, gadolinium, ytterbium, thulium, terbium, samarium, cerium, and lanthanum (10 &gt; EC<sub>50</sub> &lt; 100) identified as harmful, and praseodymium classified as non-toxic with an EC<sub>50</sub> above 100 mg L<sup>−1</sup> (130.81 mg L<sup>−1</sup>). This study demonstrates that all REEs, except praseodymium, induce acute effects in <i>D. magna</i> using ASTM as a culture medium. The results also highlight the need for standardized screening studies to obtain reliable data for both predictive and retrospective environmental risk features.</p>

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From High-Tech To High-Risk? Unveiling the Acute Ecotoxicological Effects of Rare Earth Elements on Daphnia magna

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月26日

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  • Ivo Pinto,
  • Bruno Henriques,
  • Thainara Viana,
  • Rosa Freitas,
  • Eduarda Pereira,
  • Sara C. Antunes

摘要

Technological advancement has brought significant environmental challenges, as its associated waste is difficult to manage and its long-term effects on ecosystems and biota remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity of rare earth elements (REEs): lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, scandium, and yttrium on the standard aquatic species Daphnia magna through a toxicity screening approach. Based on EC50 values, the most toxic element was yttrium (EC50 = 7.2 mg L−1), followed by scandium, dysprosium, europium, lutetium, neodymium, holmium, gadolinium, ytterbium, thulium, terbium, samarium, cerium, and lanthanum (10 > EC50 < 100) identified as harmful, and praseodymium classified as non-toxic with an EC50 above 100 mg L−1 (130.81 mg L−1). This study demonstrates that all REEs, except praseodymium, induce acute effects in D. magna using ASTM as a culture medium. The results also highlight the need for standardized screening studies to obtain reliable data for both predictive and retrospective environmental risk features.